户籍会影响量刑吗?——来自北京和上海的经验证据  

Will Registered Residence Affect Sentencing?——Empirical evidence from Beijing and Shanghai

作　　者：阳李 王剑波[2] 张龙成 YANG Li;WANG Jianbo;ZHANG Longcheng(School of Marxism,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,610075;School of Law,Capital University of Economics and Business,100070)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学马克思主义学院,四川省成都市610031 [2]首都经济贸易大学法学院

出　　处：《制度经济学研究》2023年第2期85-114,共30页Research on Institutional Economics

基　　金：北京市教育委员会社科计划重点项目“户籍差异与量刑偏差:基于北京市故意伤害案的实证分析”(编号SZ202310038018)。

摘　　要：量刑公正,是刑事司法领域的应有之义。为了实现同案同判的法治理想,最高人民法院多次开展量刑规范化改革,试图对量刑的宏观指导原则和微观操作规则予以规范。然而,基于案件信息不完全、司法环境指向以及法官自由裁量权之缘由,部分法外因素仍然可能对量刑产生隐秘而显著的影响。以2014~2022年北京和上海8534份故意伤害罪的司法裁判文书为分析对象,研究发现,犯罪人的户籍状态与刑罚强度存在相关关系,外来人员的刑罚强度显著高于本地居民。进一步的分析表明,相较于刑罚强度较低的犯罪人而言,户籍状态对于刑罚强度较高的犯罪人影响更大,随着时间的流逝,户籍状态对于犯罪人刑罚强度的影响亦产生了趋势变化。以一种隐秘的,甚至法官本人可能都没有明显察觉的方式,户籍状态进入量刑的决策过程,并可能导致不公正的量刑决定。户籍制度自诞生起即与人们的日常生活息息相关,户籍状态在一定程度上亦反映了犯罪人的社会结构特征,其对量刑的影响或许难以彻底根除,但是可以通过强化司法裁判文书的量刑说理力度,借助大数据和算法等量化工具来衡量户籍状态对于量刑决定的影响,进而进行科学的识别和控制。Sentencing fairness is the proper meaning in the field of criminal jus-tice.In order to realize the idea of the rule of law of the same case and the same sen-tence,the Supreme People's Court has carried out the standardization reform of sen-tencing for many times,trying to regulate the macro-guiding principles and micro-operation rules of sentencing.However,due to the incompleteness of case informa-tion,the orientation of the judicial environment and the discretion of judges,some extrajudicial factors may still have a subtle and significant impact on sentencing.Taking 8,534 judicial judgment documents on the crime of intentional injury in Beijing and Shanghai from 2014 to 2022 as the analysis object,the study found that there is a correlation between the punishment intensity and the criminal's household registration status,and the punishment intensity of foreigners is significantly higher than that of local residents.Further analysis shows that,compared with the crimi-nals with low penalty intensity,the household registration status has a greater im-pact on the criminals with high penalty intensity.With the passage of time,the in-fluence of the household registration status on the penalty intensity also has a trend change.The household registration status enters the sentencing decision-making process in a secret way and leads to unfair sentencing decisions.The household registration system is closely related to people's daily life,and to a certain extent also reflects the social structure of criminals.Its impact on sentencing is difficult to eliminate.By increasing the strength of reasoning and using quantitative tools such as big data and algorithms to measure the impact of household registration status on sentencing decisions,scientific identification and control can be carried out.

关 键 词：量刑 户籍 信息不完全 自由裁量权 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]