关于重商主义的争论:历史回溯与启示  

Debates on Mercantilism:Historical Retrospection and Enlightenment

作　　者：唐万宁 TANG Wanning(The Center For Economic Research,Shangdong University,250100)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济研究院,山东省济南市250100

出　　处：《制度经济学研究》2023年第2期269-298,共30页Research on Institutional Economics

摘　　要：不论从理论自身演变还是从理论对现实的影响程度来讲,重商主义都展现出顽强的生命力,经久不衰。然而长久以来,经济学界对重商主义的看法却存在争论,对此争论的研究已成为重商主义研究中一个不可忽视的重要课题。文章围绕重商主义的理论内涵、历史作用与利益动机这三大主题对经济学界关于重商主义的代表性观点及其相互回应进行历史回溯、比较与分析。争论主要呈现为三条研究脉络:一是由斯密所奠定的经济自由主义的一般性解释;二是以李斯特为代表的对重商主义的经济民族主义研究传统;三是重商主义的马克思主义观点。前两种认知传统虽截然对立,形成了西方经济学界长久以来的经济自由主义与国家干预主义的争论,但本质上仍局限于资产阶级经济学;重商主义的马克思主义观点作为对前两种认知传统的综合、批判与超越,是一种兼具理论性与历史性、阶级性与民族性的历史唯物主义的解读。重商主义本身的历时性与国别性差别以及重商主义政策在实践效果上的双重性是导致争论的客观基础;而不同经济学体系在审视重商主义时的研究立场、分析问题的出发点、研究方法以及评价标准是更为关键的主观因素。鉴往知来,透过经济学界关于重商主义的相关争论,依循重商主义的马克思主义解读传统,有助于更好地认识重商主义流传至今的历史真相及其发展现状,更好地把握重商主义与自由主义、贸易保护与自由贸易的辩证关系以及更好实现走和平发展道路的中国式现代化。In terms of both the evolution of the theory itself and its influence on reality,mercantilism has shown its tenacious vitality and enduring popularity.How-ever,for a long time,there has been a debate on the view of mercantilism in the economic circle,and the study of this debate has become an important topic that can't be ignored in the study of mercantilism.This paper reviews,compares and an-alyzes the representative views of mercantilism and their mutual responses in the field of economics by focusing on the three themes of the theoretical connotation,historical function and profit motive of mercantilism.The debate mainly presents three research lines:First,the general explanation of economic liberalism laid down by Smith;The second is the nationalistic research tradition of mercantilism re-presented by List;The third is the Marxist view of mercantilism.Although the for-mer two cognitive traditions are diametrically opposed to each other,forming a long-standing debate between economic liberalism and state interventionism in western economic circles,they are still limited to bourgeois economics in essence.The Marxist view of mercantilism is the synthesis,criticism and transcendence of the first two cognitive traditions,which is a historical materialist interpretation with both theoretical and historical characteristics,class and national characteristics.The dia-chronic and national difference of mercantilism itself and the duality of the practical effect of mercantilism policy are the objective basis of the dispute.The more critical subjective factors are the research standpoint,starting point,research methods and evaluation criteria of different economic systems in examining mercantilism.Through the debates about mercantilism and follow the Marxist interpretation on mercantil-ism,we can better understand the historical truth and development status of mer-cantilism,and better grasp the dialectical relationship between mercantilism and liberalism,trade protection and free trade.

关 键 词：重商主义 经济自由主义 经济民族主义 马克思主义 

分 类 号：F091.31[经济管理—政治经济学]