当代单人户状态、变动及其特征分析  

Analysis on the Status,Changes and Characteristics of Contemporary Single-person Households

作　　者：王跃生 WANG Yuesheng(China Social History Research Center/School of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学中国社会史研究中心暨历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《人口与经济》2023年第6期38-55,共18页Population & Economics

摘　　要：旨在对单人户现实状态,单人户快速增长的起始阶段和时期特征,单人户成员的年龄、性别和婚姻状况进行分析,揭示其变动原因及演变趋势。采用的基本数据为2020年第七次全国人口普查短表数据、长表数据和长表1%抽样数据,同时将“七普”数据与“三普”、“四普”、“五普”和“六普”数据结合起来进行考察。研究发现,中国当代单人户快速增长与1990年以来人口城市化加速、劳动力流动增多有直接关系;2000年以来,人口老龄化、青年人晚婚增多、住房条件改善也对单人户提升具有直接作用,多种因素叠加在一起促使单人户全面增长。社会转型之下,当代城乡单人户内部构成的差异表现为,城市有更高比例的青年晚婚单人户;农村单人户中老年人占比超过1/3,并且未成年留守单人户也占较高比例。研究还发现,中国当代单人户具有较西方发达国家更高的增长水平。单人户作为“极小”家庭户类型,既有生活自由度较高的一面,也有生活功能不完整的另一面。政府、基层社会组织和单人户成员的近亲属对此应予以关注,特别是为高龄老年独居者提供必要的生活服务,降低其生存风险和孤独情绪。Single-person household has become an important type of households in contemporary China.This paper attempts to analyze the status of single-person households,the initial stage and period characteristics of the rapid growth of single-person households,and the age,sex and marital composition of single-person household members,which can reveal the reasons for its change and the evolution trend.The basic data used in this paper are the short table data,the long table data and the long table 1%sampling data of the Seventh Population Census in 2020.At the same time,the data of the Seventh Census is combined with the data of the Third Census,the Fourth Census,the Fifth Census and the Sixth Census.The research findings indicate that the rapid growth of single-person households in China is directly related to the acceleration of population urbanization and the increase of labor mobility since 1990.Since 2000,the population aging,the increasing of late marriage among young people and the improvement of housing conditions have also played a driving-role in the growth of single-person households.A variety of factors have combined to promote the overall growth of single-person households.Under the social transformation,the internal composition of single-person households in urban and rural areas is different.There is a higher proportion of young single-person householders who marry late in cities.In rural single-person households,the elderly account for more than one-third,and minors left behind in single-person households also account for a high proportion.The study also finds that China’s contemporary single-person households have a higher growth level than that in western developed countries.As a type of“minimal”household,single-person households has high freedom of life on the one hand and incomplete life function on the other hand.The government,grass-roots social organizations and close relatives of single-person householders should pay attention to this issue,especially to provide necessary living services for t

关 键 词：单人户 年龄构成 性别构成 婚姻状况 人口普查数据 

分 类 号：C921[社会学—人口学]