我国夜班劳动的基本现状及其职业伤害  

Some Basic Facts of Night Shift Work in China and Its Occupational Impairment

作　　者：徐海东 XU Haidong(Department of Sociology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871

出　　处：《人口与经济》2023年第6期138-155,共18页Population & Economics

摘　　要：目前的劳动法将“夜班”和“白班”视为同质性的劳动时间,夜班劳动的职业伤害受到忽视。基于2020年的CFPS数据和全国人口普查数据,通过统计推断描述了我国夜班劳动的基本现状,通过广义倾向得分调整的因果推断方法评估了夜班劳动在健康和社会生活方面的职业伤害。研究发现,我国约三成的劳动者在从事不同程度的夜班劳动,涉及1.92亿劳动力,其中约20.5%(8258万)的劳动者“每周至少1次夜班”;“交通运输工具”和“车间”是夜班劳动者比例最高的工作场所,分别有39.9%和25.0%的从业者“每周至少1次夜班”;“商业、服务业人员”和“生产、运输设备操作人员”是涉及夜班劳动者数量最多的职业,分别有2658万和2430万的劳动者“每周至少1次夜班”。由于缺乏法规保护,许多夜班劳动者在劳动收入、休息权、用工规范等方面处于劣势地位。研究发现,夜班劳动会对身体健康、心理健康、睡眠时长、睡眠质量和记忆力方面产生负面影响,会降低劳动者的生活满意度,减少和家人吃饭次数、娱乐休闲时长和锻炼频次。目前劳动法并未区分“夜班”和“白班”,很多用人单位对夜班劳动的安排缺乏节制;相关部门应当充分重视夜班劳动存在的广泛性和职业伤害性,积极推动立法,进而实现对夜班劳动的规范和补偿。The Labor Law in China regards“night shift”and“day shift”as homogeneous working hours,and occupational injuries from night shift is ignored.Based on the data of the CFPS and the national census in 2020,this study describes some basic status of night shift work in China through statistical inference,and evaluates the occupational harm of night work in terms of health and social life through the cause and effect inference method of adjustment for the Generalized Propensity Score.The study finds that about 30%of Chinese workers are engaged in different degree of night shift work,involving 192 million workers.Among them,about 20.5%(82.58 million)of workers work at least once a week night shift.Transportation vehicles and workshop are the workplaces with the highest proportion of night shift workers,with 39.9%and 25.0%of employees working at night at least once a week respectively.“Business and service workers”and“production and transportation equipment operators”were the occupations involving the largest number of night shift workers,with 26.58 million and 24.30 million workers respectively working at least one night shift per week.Due to the lack of legal protection,many night shift workers are disadvantaged in terms of income,rest rights,and labor regulations.The study finds that night shift work has a negative impact on workers’physical and mental health,sleep duration,sleep quality and memory,as well as reduces workers’life satisfaction,family meals,leisure time and exercise frequency.At present,the Labor Law does not distinguish between“night shift”and“day shift”,meanwhile,many employers do not restrain the frequency and working hours of night shifts.The relevant departments should pay full attention to the universality and occupational injury of night shift work,and actively promote legislation,so as to achieve the standardization and compensation for night shift work.

关 键 词：夜班劳动 职业伤害 劳动法 工作生活平衡 广义倾向值调整 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]