渠长与清至民国五台山地区村落水利制度的演进  

Canal Directors and Evolution of the Village Water Conservancy System in the Mountain Wutai Region from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

作　　者：王超宇 Wang Chaoyu(Institute of Modern Chinese History,Central China Normal University,430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2023年第4期98-107,共10页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“明清至民国五台山境域庙会与村落生活研究”(14BZS094);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费资助(创新资助)项目“清代以降华北乡村公共制度与基层治理嬗变”(2022CXZZ024)。

摘　　要：渠长是传统村落水利事务的管理人员,其职权体现出村域公共利益的群体认同。清代以降五台山地区诸村分水、理讼的过程中,暗含着水利规约失范、渠长司水不力之情,渠长的形象、职能为官民重塑,呈现出传统村落水利制度的运行实态。清代时人创设乡官的设计、民国山西村治改革皆着力于乡村治理行政化,将渠长司水旧例纳入其制度设计,成为具有科层特征的渠长制。面对国家行政力量向村落的渗透,传统的水利制度侧身其中,亦保持自身的柔韧性,形成国家制度与乡土秩序相互汲取的过程,反映了近代村落公共制度变迁的复杂路径。Canal directors were the managers of the water conservancy affairs in traditional villages.Since the Qing Dynasty,the process of water diversion and lawsuits in the villages of Mount Wutai region re-flected the operating condition of water conservancy system in traditional village,which implied that the wa-ter conservancy regulations and canal directors were ineffective.Local official system found in the Qing Dy-nasty and rural governance reformed in Shanxi province in the Republic of China both concentrated on ad-ministrative integration,which integrated previous regulation into system design about canal management.In the process of state administrative forces exerted influence on vllages,the traditional water conservancy system still maintained regular operations,forming a process of mutual effect between the state system and the local society that reflected the complex path in the public institution changes of modern villages.

关 键 词：渠长 乡官 自治 近代化 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]