2017—2019年贵州省新生入学结核病筛查结果分析  

Tuberculosis screening during school entry in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2019

作　　者：黄爱菊[1] 陈慧娟[1] 李进岚[1] 何昱颖 陈璞[1] 杨婕[1] 荀梦君 陈再平[1] 安露[1] HUANG Aiju;CHEN Huijuan;LI Jinlan;HE Yuying;CHEN Pu;YANG Jie;XUN Mengjun;CHEN Zaiping;AN Lu(Guizhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang,Guizhou 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心结核病防治研究所,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2023年第9期917-921,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金(gzwkj2021-398);贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2021)一般030]。

摘　　要：目的对2017—2019年贵州省各级各类学校新生入学结核病筛查结果进行分析,为有效防控学校结核病工作提供科学依据。方法对贵州省学生群体开展主动筛查和入学体检,采用筛查方法据实填报全省学校结核病筛查调查表。通过结核菌素皮肤(purified protein derivative,PPD)试验、拍摄胸部X线检查、肺结核可疑症状调查进行筛查,对结果进行统计学分析。结果3年累计筛查10845所学校学生共4592838人,其中公办学校8099所共4001864人,民办学校2746所共590974人;开展PPD试验筛查中公办学校强阳性率(2.15%)低于民办学校强阳性率(3.60%),寄宿学校强阳性率(2.71%)高于非寄宿制学校(1.46%),学校性质中非寄宿制高中的强阳性率最高(4.54%),幼儿园最低(0.40%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1511.3、2275.5、5521.6,P<0.01);胸部X线筛查中公办学校胸片异常比例(1.38%)高于民办学校胸片异常比例(0.57%),寄宿学校胸片异常比例(1.45%)高于非寄宿制学校(0.43%),学校性质中寄宿制普通高中的胸片异常比例最高(3.20%),幼儿园最低(0.04%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=319.7、655.9、169.5,P<0.01);症状筛查中公办学校可疑症状者比例(1.35%)高于民办学校可疑症状者比例(1.30%),寄宿学校可疑症状者比例(1.61%)高于非寄宿制学校可疑症状者(0.94%),学校性质中技工学校的可疑症状者比例最高(4.33%),普通中专最低(0.12%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1849.4、5.8、6009.5,P<0.05)。结论对入学新生进行主动筛查是发现学校结核病疫情的重要手段之一,贵州省学校结核病筛查工作还需进一步做到全覆盖,应加强结核病高疫情地区的学校,尤其是大学、技工学校、寄宿制高中等重点人群的结核病筛查力度和健康教育,减少学校结核病疫情的发生。Objective To analyze the results of tuberculosis screening during school entry in Guizhou Province,so as to provide scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools.Methods From 2017 to 2019,we carried out active screening and school entry physical examination in Guizhou Province,and filled out the form of provincial school tuberculosis screening survey.Purified protein derivative test,chest X-ray and suspicious symptoms screening were used,the results were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 4592838 students from 10845 schools were screened during 2017 and 2019,including 4001864 students from 8099public schools and 590974 students from 2746 private schools.In the PPD screening test,the strong positive rate was significantly lower among students in public schools than in private schools(2.15%vs.3.60%;χ^(2)=1511.3,P<0.01).The strong positive rate of students was significantly higher in boarding schools than that in non boarding schools(2.71%vs.1.46%,χ^(2)=2275.5,P<0.01).The PPD strong positive rate was the highest of 4.54%in non-boarding high schools,while was the lowest of 0.40%in kindergartens.In chest X-ray screening,the percentage of students with abnormal images was the highest of 3.20%in boarding schools,while was the lowest of 0.04%in kindergartens,it was significantly higher in public schools than that in private schools(1.38%vs.0.57%,P<0.01).In symptom screening,the percentage of students with suspicious symptoms in public schools(1.35%)was higher than that in non boarding schools(1.30%),and was higher in boarding schools(1.61%)than that in non boarding schools(0.94%),it was the highest in technical schools(4.33%),while was the lowest in secondary vocational schools(0.12%),the difference is statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusions Active screening during school entry is one of the effective ways in detecting tuberculosis cases in schools.School tuberculosis screening in Guizhou Province needs to further wide the coverage.Tuberculosis screening and health ed

关 键 词：结核病 筛查 学生 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R521