现代性总问题与《资本论》的现代性批判  

The General Issue of Modernity and the Critique of Modernity in Das Kapital

作　　者：邵然[1] SHAO Ran(Institute of Philosophy,Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences,Kunming,650034)

机构地区：[1]云南省社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2023年第6期39-47,共9页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“《资本论》的人类学哲学思想研究”(项目号:19CZX001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现代世界是以现代性为主导的世界,启蒙以来的现代社会是许多伟大思想家的共同视域。在这些思想家中,黑格尔和马克思是对现代性问题最敏感的人。为了克服现代性总问题导致的人类生活的普遍分裂状态,黑格尔和马克思都从理性与现实同一的原则出发,对现代性进行了深刻反省和批判。但是,当黑格尔将理性与现实进行和解的现代性批判,最终把握为概念向现存世界彻底妥协的时候,马克思则通过诉诸资本批判真正超越了前者。《资本论》的现代性批判,既指明了资本在现代社会的“主体性”地位及其对人进行全面统治和奴役的“同一性逻辑”,又强调了以资本增殖为核心的政治经济矛盾必然导致无产阶级革命的历史必然性。正是通过对资本逻辑内在否定性的深刻揭示,政治经济学批判的现代性批判,“深入到历史的本质性的一度中去”,洞悉到资本主义社会“自我毁灭的种子”,回答了“人的自由解放之谜”,具有在根基处瓦解西方现代性体系的革命意义。The modern world is dominated by modernity,and the modern society since the Enlightenment has been a common vision of many great thinkers.Among them,Hegel and Marx are the most sensitive to the issue of modernity.To overcome the universal state of human life fragmentation caused by the general issue of modernity,both Hegel and Marx started from the principle of unity of reason and reality,and profoundly reflected and criticized modernity.However,while Hegel criticized modernity by reconciling reason with reality and ultimately comprehended it as a complete compromise of concept to the existing world,Marx truly transcended the former by resorting to the criticism of capital.The critique of modernity in Das Kapital does not only point out the “subjectivity” status of capital in modern society and its “identity logic” of comprehensive domination and enslavement of people,but also emphasizes that the political and economic contradictions centered on capital accumulation will lead to the historical inevitability of the proletarian revolution.It is precisely through the profound revelation of the inherent negation within the logic of capital that the critique of modernity in political economy “delves into the essence of history”,perceives the “seeds of self-destruction” in capitalist society,and answers the “mystery of human liberation”,which has revolutionary significance in undermining the Western modernity system at its root.

关 键 词：现代性 主体性原则 分裂 资本主体性批判 人类解放 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]