玉米姿控驱导式排种器导向投种机构设计与试验  

Design and Test of Guiding Seed Throwing Mechanism for Maize Posture Control and Driving Metering Device

作　　者：董建鑫 高筱钧 张仕林 黄玉祥[1,2] 张崇勤 史江涛 DONG Jianxin;GAO Xiaojun;ZHANG Shilin;HUANG Yuxiang;ZHANG Chongqin;SHI Jiangtao(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Equipment,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Weichai Lovol Intelligent Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261000,China;Xi'an Yaao Agricultural Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710300,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省农业装备工程研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]潍柴雷沃智慧农业科技股份有限公司,潍坊261000 [4]西安亚澳农机股份有限公司,西安710300

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第10期25-34,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000404、2021YFD2000405);国家自然科学基金项目(31971802);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBNY-204)。

摘　　要：针对玉米姿控驱导式排种器在高速工况下投种点位不一致,播种粒距均匀性不佳的问题,提出约束种子运动自由度并引导投种方向的方法,设计了一种新型导向投种机构,合理规划了待投种子的导种轨迹,进而确保投种点位及初速度恒定。完成了导向投种机构的结构参数设计与待投种子的动力学分析,明确了影响排种性能的关键参数及其取值范围,通过单因素与双因素试验获取了排种器的最优参数组合,并进行性能对比验证试验。结果表明,约束运移弧面圆心角取35°时,投种点位较为集中;在作业速度8 km/h、引导投种弧面半径24.3 mm时,排种性能达到最优,粒距合格指数、重播指数和变异系数分别为91.5%、4.7%和13.6%;当作业速度由8 km/h提升至14 km/h时,较原排种器粒距变异系数的降幅由0.1个百分点增大至2.7个百分点,采用导向投种机构可有效提升原排种器的高速作业性能。Aiming at the problem that inconsistent seed throwing points and poor uniformity of seed spacing of posture control and driving precision metering device under high-speed conditions.A method was proposed to constrain the freedom of seed motion and guide the direction of seed throwing,a type guiding seed throwing mechanism was designed.The guiding trajectory of the seeds was reasonably planned to be thrown,thereby ensuring that the seed throwing point and initial velocity were constant.The design of the structural parameters of the guiding seed throwing mechanism and dynamic analysis of the seed to be thrown were completed.The key parameters and their value ranges that affected seeding performance were determined.The optimal parameters combination was obtained by single factor and double factor experiments,and a working performance verification experiment was conducted.The results showed that when the central angle of the constrained migration arc was 35°,the seed throwing points were more concentrated.When the operating speed was 8km/h and the radius of the guiding seed throwing arc was 24.3mm,the seeding performance was at optimal level,the qualified index,multiple index,and coefficient of variation were 91.5%,4.7%,and 13.6%,respectively.As the operating speed was increased from 8km/h to 14km/h,the decrease of variation coefficient was increased from 0.1 percentage points to 2.7 percentage points compared with that of the original seed metering device.Using the guiding seed throwing mechanism can effectively improve the high-speed seeding performance of the original seed metering device.

关 键 词：玉米种子 机械式排种器 高速 导向投种机构 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]