基于补偿理论的深部软岩动压巷道破坏机理及控制对策  

Failure mechanisms and control strategies in dynamic pressure roadways of deep soft rock based on compensation theory

作　　者：郭志飚[1,2,3] 李伟涛 何满潮 汤建泉[4] GUO Zhibiao;LI Weitao;HE Manchao;TANG Jianquan(State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Deep Underground Space Science and Engineering,Beijing 100083,China;School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Mining Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Tai'an,Shandong 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,北京100083 [2]深地空间科学与工程研究院,北京100083 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院,北京100083 [4]山东科技大学采矿工程研究院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2023年第5期931-942,共12页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：千米深井动压巷道稳定性控制关键技术研究项目(SKLGDUEK202204);国家自然科学基金项目(41941018)。

摘　　要：为解决深部软岩动压巷道易出现大变形的难题,采用室内试验、现场实测和数值模拟等方法,从围岩应力演化对宏微观节理裂隙影响的角度,探究其破坏机理及相应的控制对策.揭示了深部软岩动压巷道的破坏机理为初次支护预应力低、开挖效应和大结构运动.研发了以“恒阻高预应力NPR锚索+多维度注浆+超深孔切顶卸压”为核心的补偿技术体系:首先,利用NPR锚索及时补偿围岩应力,控制节理裂隙扩展贯通.然后,采用多维度注浆增加岩体强度,稳定围岩小结构.最后,应用切顶卸压降低开采扰动,限制大结构运动.工程实践结果表明:补偿支护段与原支护段相比,巷道掘进阶段围岩变形降低约60%,煤层开采阶段围岩变形降低约70%.多维度注浆的平均加固范围约3 m.良好的工程应用效果进一步表明补偿技术体系能有效控制深部软岩动压巷道大变形.Large deformation in dynamic pressure roadways of deep soft rock is evident from the influence of surrounding rock stress volution on macro and micro joint fissures. To solve this problem, failure mechanisms and corresponding control strategies were explored using laboratory experiments, field measurements, and numerical simulation. The failure mechanisms in dynamic pressure roadways of deep soft rock were revealed, including low prestress of primary support, excavation effect, and large structure movement. A compensation technology system was developed using the core principles of continuous resistance with highly prestressed negative Poisson's ratio(NPR) anchor cables, multi-dimensional grouting, and ultra-deep hole pressure relief by roof cutting. First, the NPR anchor cables were used to compensate for the surrounding rock stress and control the propagation and penetration of joint fissures. Then, multi-dimension grouting was adopted to improve the strength of rock mass and stabilize the small structure of the surrounding rock. Finally, roof cutting was used to relieve pressure, reduce mining disturbance, and limit large structure movement. The results of this method show that compared with original support roadways, the surrounding rock deformation of compensated support roadways is reduced by approximately 60% at the stage of roadway excavation. However, the surrounding rock deformation is reduced by approximately 70% at the stage of coal mining. The average reinforcement range of multi-dimensional grouting is about 3 m. The results of this engineering application further show that the compensation technology system can adequately control large deformation in dynamic pressure roadways of deep soft rock.

关 键 词：补偿理论 深部软岩动压巷道 破坏机理 控制对策 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]