超重力离心机基础振动的扰力成因与估计方法  

Cause and estimation approach of disturbing force on hypergravity centrifuge foundation

作　　者：王永志[1,2] 张明敏 张雪东 王体强[1,2] 冉光斌 Wang Yongzhi;Zhang Mingmin;Zhang Xuedong;Wang Tiqiang;Ran Guangbin(Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation,Ministry of Emergency Management,Harbin 150080,China;Department of Geotechnical Engineering,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Institute of Systems Engineering,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院岩土工程研究所,北京100048 [4]中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《土木工程学报》2023年第11期103-113,共11页China Civil Engineering Journal

基　　金：中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助(2019EEEVL0203);国家自然科学基金(51609218);黑龙江省自然科学基金(YQ2019E035)。

摘　　要：超重力离心机是目前土木、水利、航天等领域备受瞩目和快速发展的重大科技设施之一。其规模和指标的跨越式提升,给基础设计和安全分析带来严峻挑战,首要问题是缺乏明确的扰力估计依据和振动限值。文章分类总结超重力离心机的技术指标和结构型式,指出离心机扰力组成和成因机制,通过调查研究、力学推导和实测数据,提出3种扰力的估计方法和振动限值建议。研究表明,不平衡离心力由质径积差、角速度决定,适以容量、离心加速度和不平衡力监测阈值确定设计参数;实测风阻功率与角速度呈良好幂函数关系,且系数、指数与半径具有较强相关性,提出工程实用的简化风阻功率和不对称臂稳态风阻扰力的估计公式,估计风阻功率与实测吻合良好;吊篮-转臂动态激振反力的传递特性与激振力、负载质量、离心加速度等相关,宜以激振装置的额定出力、频宽和考虑吊篮位姿变化关系确定设计参数。根据离心机特点、实践经验和借鉴相关标准,提出设备稳定、建筑物安全、人员健康的振动限值与测点位置。As one of the major scientific and technological infrastructures,the hypergravity centrifuge has achieved rapid development and wide acceptance in the fields of civil engineering,water resources and aerospace engineering.The leap⁃type development of its scale and technical index has bring about some serious challenges to the foundation design and safety analysis of the facility,and the undefined disturbing force estimation and vibration limits shall be the primary problem.By classifying and analyzing technical indexes and structural forms of hypergravity centrifuges,the composition and causes of the disturbing forces of the centrifuge are figured out.Based on investigation,mathematical deduction and measured data,the estimation approaches for the three types of disturbing forces and the vibration limits are proposed.The results show that the unbalanced centrifugal disturbing force is dependent on the mass⁃diameter product difference and the angular velocity,and the design parameters shall be properly estimated by the centrifuge capacity,centrifugal acceleration and unbalanced force monitoring threshold.The measured wind resistance power presents an excellent power function relation with the angular velocity,with the coefficient and the exponent correlating closely with the radius.Simplified formulas for estimating the wind resistance power and the steady⁃state wind resistance forces of asymmetric⁃arm centrifuges are proposed for engineering practices,and a good agreement between the estimated and the measured wind resistance powers can be obtained.The counterforce transfer characteristics of the dynamic excitation from the swing bucket to the rotary arm are related to the exciting force,payload mass and centrifugal acceleration,etc.and the design parameters should be determined in terms of the specified force and frequency of the exciting devices and the position change of the swing bucket.By referring to the centrifuge characteristics,the practical experiences and the related standards,vibration limits a

关 键 词：超重力离心机 基础设计 扰力成因 估算方法 振动限值 

分 类 号：TU476.1[建筑科学—结构工程]