论婚姻缔结欺诈与法律干预  

Research On Marriage Fraud and Legal Intervention

作　　者：蒋月[1] 王之晓 JIANG Yue;WANG Zhi-xiao(School of Law,Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361000,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期93-103,共11页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：对于有关婚姻缔结相关重要事项上的不诚信行为,我国现行立法规制有欠缺;就《民法典》总则编相关规定能否以及如何适用于婚姻行为,认识分歧明显;法院对涉婚姻缔结欺诈争议的评判也有可商榷之处。遵循婚姻关系内在逻辑,以人身关系、财产关系作为划分依据,将婚姻缔结欺诈区分为人身性欺诈、财产性欺诈应更合理。其中,当事人的身份、年龄、性取向、生育能力、婚史、犯罪前科、重大疾病等基本信息欺诈是人身性欺诈的典型情形;财产性欺诈则有婚前隐瞒影响另一方行使婚后共同财产权的情形;此外,还有婚姻缔结程序欺诈。双方共同欺诈缔结的婚姻属于虚假婚姻,不属于婚姻缔结欺诈的情形。借鉴域外法积极干预婚姻缔结欺诈的经验,我国立法宜采取适当赋权受欺诈一方自主决定权,以加强对结婚自由权的救济。目前可考虑通过司法解释对婚姻缔结欺诈作一般性规定,明确欺诈类型,加强对这类违法行为的法律干预,保护婚姻自由。There is a lack of current legislative regulation in China regarding the dishonest behavior of major matters related to marriage.There are obvious differences in understanding that the relevant provisions of the General Part of the Civil Code are applicable to marriage.The court’s judgment on the dispute of marriage fraud is also debatable.Following the internal logic of marriage relationship,and taking personal relationship and property relationship as the basis for division,marriage fraud can be divided into personal fraud and property fraud.Among them,the basic information fraud is a typical case of personal fraud,such as the identity,age,sexual orientation,fertility,marital history,criminal record and critical diseases fraud;Property fraud involves premarital concealing which affecting the other party’s exercise of joint property rights in marriage.In addition,the fraud of marriage also includes the fraud of marriage procedure;Marriage by both parties fraudulently belongs to a false marriage,not a case of marriage fraud.Drawing on the experience of actively intervening in marriage conclusion fraud in foreign laws,it is advisable for China’s legislation to appropriately empower the fraudulent party to make independent decisions,in order to strengthen the protection and relief of the right to freedom of marriage.At present,we can make general provisions on marriage fraud through judicial interpretation,clarify the types of marriage fraud,strengthen legal intervention in such illegal acts,so as to protect the freedom of marriage.

关 键 词：婚姻缔结欺诈 人身性欺诈 财产性欺诈 类型化 法律干预 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]