论无效婚姻中的无过错方保护  

On the Protection of the Party without Fault in Null Marriage

作　　者：娄爱华[1] LOU Ai-hua(Kenneth Wang School of Law,Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu 215006,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期104-115,共12页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“《民法典》中不当得利制度的调整范围研究”(项目编号:21BFX080)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第1054条中的“无过错”指缔结婚姻时主观上的“不知”和“受胁迫”,“不知”作为保护无过错方的起点,包括了对事实的不知和对法律的不知。对无过错方的保护需考虑无效婚姻的存续期间,未考虑期间问题的我国台湾地区修法难言成功。对无过错方的保护方式,除析产照顾及损害赔偿外,也包括赋权。司法实践中,因近亲结婚、未达法定婚龄导致婚姻无效时,当事人往往知情,不存在无过错方;在因未告知重大疾病导致婚姻被撤销时,通常一方不知情,无过错方主张的救济为析产照顾及损害赔偿,不涉及赋权。但这些情形均不能排除赋权的可能。实践中的赋权判决主要发生在因重婚导致的婚姻无效,未来应扩及受胁迫缔结的婚姻。The term“without fault”in Article 1054 of the Civil Code refers to subjective ignorance and duress when entering into a marriage.If the party is in a state of ignorance when entering into a marriage,including ignorance of the facts and ignorance of the law,the party has the possibility of being protected.The protection of the innocent party must take into account the duration of the void marriage.Changing the law in Taiwan District without considering the duration is unlikely to be successful.The methods of protecting the innocent party include not only favorable division of property and compensation for damages,but also granting special rights to the party.In judicial practice,if a marriage is annulled due to marriage of close relatives or underage marriage,the parties are usually informed and there is no innocent party.When a marriage is annulled for failure to disclose a serious illness,one party is usually unaware.In these situations,the remedies sought by the innocent party are usually a favorable division of property and damages,which do not involve the granting of specific rights.However,in these situations there is also the possibility of granting rights.The decision to grant rights in judicial practice has occurred mainly in cases where the marriage is invalid due to bigamy,and should be extended in the future to marriages contracted under duress.

关 键 词：婚姻 无效 胁迫 不知 无过错 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]