“人机互生”时代可供性理论的契机与危机——基于“提示词”现象的考察  

Opportunities and Challenges of Affordance Theory in the Age of Human-Machine Symbiosis:An Examination Based on the Phenomenon of Prompts

作　　者：陈秋心 邱泽奇[2] CHEN Qiu-xin;QIU Ze-qi(School of Communication,Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu 215123,China;China Center for Social and Economic Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学传媒学院,江苏苏州215123 [2]北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期172-182,共11页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省教育厅项目“中国信息技术的‘工程隐喻’研究”(项目编号:2022SJYB1421);“江苏省卓越博士后计划”资助项目;苏州大学人文社会科学研究团队资助项目(项目编号:22XM0004)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本研究旨在从“提示词”这一具体、微小但关键的人机交互中介入手,借助可供性理论透视当下以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能技术革命的意义与影响,同时也利用最新的社会现实来测试可供性理论的稳健性,指出其发展可能与潜在危机。基于理论梳理、交互实践和用户、社群、社交媒体观察,研究者发现提示词是大语言模型可供性的“诱出机制”,为人们习得可供性提供场所、降低门槛,并且促成认知超越,但同时也可能带来“想象力焦虑”。进一步地,提出人机互生时代催生了一种复杂多元的可供性生成机制,其中人机互动、人与人的互动、机器之间的互动都发挥了重要作用,而可供性的社会性和想象力因此变得更加重要。此外研究者还提出了“预设的可供性(Presupposed Affordances)”概念,并指出可供性理论面临着一个深层危机:人、物二元性的模糊。This study aims to explore the implications and effects of the current AI technology revolution,exemplified by ChatGPT,from the perspective of Affordance Theory,using the specific yet critical human-computer interaction medium of“prompt”.Meanwhile,it uses the latest social realities to test the robustness of Affordance Theory,and to pinpoint its potential development and underlying crises.Through theoretical sorting,interaction practices,and observations of users,communities,and social media,the study reveals that prompts act as an“elicitation mechanism”for the affordances of large language models,providing a venue for people to learn affordances,lowering the barrier,facilitating cognitive transcendence,while potentially inducing“imagination anxiety”.Furthermore,it is proposed that the era of human-machine symbiosis has given rise to a complex and diverse affordance generation mechanism in which human-machine interaction,human-human interaction,and machine-machine interaction all play important roles,thereby enhancing the importance of sociality and imagination in affordances.In addition,the concept of“presupposed affordances”is introduced,pointing to an impending fundamental crisis in affordance theory:the blurring of the human-object dualism.

关 键 词：提示词 可供性 ChatGPT 大语言模型 人机互生 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]