从“对敌基地攻击能力”到“反击能力”——日本构建远程打击能力的战略意图与实施前景  

From"Enemy Base Attack Capability"to"Counterstrike Capability":Japan's Strategic Intention and Implementation Prospects in Building Long-Range Strike Capabilities

作　　者：雷锦涛 Lei Jintao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所,北京100020

出　　处：《日本研究》2023年第3期27-38,共12页Japan Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大历史问题研究专项“战后日本历史进程与国际影响力研究”(项目编号:22VLS014)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：2022年末日本出台新版《国家安全保障战略》等三份安保政策文件,提出保有所谓“反击能力”(“对敌基地攻击能力”),变相发展远程打击能力。表面上,日本意在增强威慑力以应对中朝等“周边威胁”,同时提升日美同盟的对等性和互助性以减少“被抛弃”风险,但实质上,日本意在由此进一步增强军事行动自主性,以渐进式突破实现战后日本国家战略调整,同时将其作为印太战略的构成要件,推动区域安全合作,提升日本的领导力,服务其“大国化”目标。保有及运用“反击能力”存在法理争议、面临国内及周边国家反对、防卫费来源等现实障碍,构建远程打击能力在具体推进中仍有问题尚未解决。但辩证地看,日本此次修订安保政策文件已完成日本国家安全保障战略从防卫性到攻击性的实质性转变,将对地区和世界和平稳定造成重大威胁。Three national security documents issued by Japan at the end of 2022 proposed to develop"counterstrike capability",which was called"enemy base attack capability"in the earlier discussion,guiding itself to facilitate long-range strike capabilities in disguise in the future.Its intention is not only strengthening deterrence against its"adjacent threats",such as China and North Korea,but also reducing the risk of"being abandoned"by US through promoting the equality and reciprocity of Japan-US alliance.Furthermore,Japan intends to enhance autonomy of its military operations,achieving drastic breakthrough of its post-war national security strategy with gradual procedures.At the same time,being a component of Japan's Indo-Pacific strategy,it will promote regional security cooperation,enhance Japan's leadership,and serve its goal of becoming a great power.There are still unresolved problems such as legal disputes of"counterstrike capabilities",opposition from domestic people and neighboring countries,as well lack of military funding and other practical obstacles.However,from a dialectical perspective,Japan's revision of security strategy has completed the substantial transformation from defensiveness to offensiveness,which will pose a major threat to regional and global peace and stability.

关 键 词：“反击能力” “对敌基地攻击能力” 远程打击能力 专守防卫 日本国家安全保障战略 

分 类 号：D83[政治法律—政治学] D87[政治法律—外交学]