柔术运动员亚高原训练前后身体机能和体成分变化特征的研究  

Characteristics of Jujitsu Athletes'Body Function and Body Composition Changes Before and After Sub-altitude Training

作　　者：张丽琴 ZHANG Liqin(Inner Mongolia Institute of Sports Science/Inner Mongolia Center of Anti Doping,Hohhot 010030,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区体育科学研究所(内蒙古自治区反兴奋剂中心),内蒙古呼和浩特010030

出　　处：《山东体育科技》2023年第5期58-63,共6页Shandong Sports Science & Technology

摘　　要：目的:研究柔术运动员亚高原训练前后身体机能和体成分变化的特征,为柔术项目亚高原训练数据化监控和精准化实施提供科学指导。方法:以14名柔术运动员为研究对象,在亚高原训练前后对血液生化指标和体成分进行监控。结果:亚高原训练后男子运动员红细胞和血红蛋白显著升高,女子运动员网织红细胞数量显著升高;男子和女子运动员亚高原训练后肌酸激酶均显著下降,男子运动员血尿素显著下降,睾酮值显著升高;男子运动员亚高原训练后体重、体脂肪含量均有下降,去脂体重略有上升,女子运动员的体重、体脂肪含量、身体质量指数和体脂率显著下降,去脂体重无变化。运动员左右肢肌肉量均衡性均无显著性差异,亚高原训练后男子运动员各部位肌肉量百分比均有所增加,女子运动员节段脂肪均显著下降。结论:亚高原训练可促进柔术运动员携氧能力和骨髓造血功能的提高;柔术运动员在亚高原训练中机能状态良好,男子运动员合成代谢能力优于女子运动员;柔术运动员亚高原训练后体重均出现了下降,女子运动员下降更明显,且更多的是体脂肪的减少;柔术运动员亚高原训练监控中需注意身体机能和体成分的变化,关注营养状况及水分的及时补充。Objective:To study the characteristics of jujitsu athletes'body function and body composition changes before and after sub-altitude training,so as to provide scientific guidance for jujitsu sub-altitude training data monitoring and accurate implementation of the data.Methods:The blood biochemical indexes and body composition of 14 athletes were monitored before and after sub-altitude training.Results:After the training,the red blood cells and hemoglobin of male athletes increased significantly,and the number of reticulocytes of female increased significantly;After the training,the creatine kinase of both male and female athletes decreased significantly,the blood urea of male decreased significantly,and the testosterone value increased significantly;After the training,the weight and body fat content of male decreased,and the degreased weight increased slightly.The weight,body fat content,body mass index and body fat rate of female decreased significantly,while the degreased weight did not change.There was no significant difference in the balance of muscle mass of the left and right limbs of athletes.After the sub-altitude training,the percentage of muscle mass of all parts of male athletes increased,and the segment fat of female decreased significantly.Conclusion:Sub-altitude training can improve the oxygen carrying capacity and bone marrow hematopoietic function of jujitsu athletes.The athletes are in good condition in sub-altitude training,and the anabolic capacity of male athletes is better than that of female.The weight of the athletes decreased after the sub-altitude training,and the female decreased more obviously,and the body fat decreased more.It is necessary to pay attention to the changes of body function and body composition,as well as the nutritional status and timely supplement of water during the sub-altitude training monitoring of the athletes.

关 键 词：亚高原训练 柔术 血红蛋白 睾酮 体成分 体脂率 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]