呼和浩特城区空气污染与气象因素对儿童哮喘的影响  

Effects of air pollutants and meteorological factors on childhood asthma in Hohhot urban area

作　　者：梁晓平 张玉玲 张巧玲 韩芳[2] LIANG Xiaoping;ZHANG Yuling;ZHANG Qiaoling;HAN Fang(Department of Pediatrics,Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010020,China;Inner Mongolia Ecology and Agrometeorology Center)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区妇幼保健院儿内科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古自治区生态与农业气象中心

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2023年第11期1260-1264,共5页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2019MS08109)。

摘　　要：目的研究呼和浩特市城区儿童哮喘与空气污染物及气象因子的关系,明确影响各年龄段儿童哮喘发病的主要环境因子,为制定具有针对性的预防和应急措施提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析呼和浩特城区2015—2019年儿童哮喘就诊信息,统计同期主要空气污染物浓度资料及气象资料。分析了不同年龄段儿童哮喘与空气污染物和气象因子的相关性,以期厘清空气污染物和气象因子对儿童哮喘的影响。结果婴幼儿期,春季哮喘就诊人数与NO2呈正相关(r=0.351,P=0.049);夏季就诊人数与PM2.5(r=-0.445,P=0.010)、CO(r=-0.441,P=0.010)呈负相关;冬季就诊人数与CO呈正相关(r=0.544,P=0.011)。学龄期儿童在冬季哮喘就诊人数与CO(r=0.690,P=0.003)、SO2(r=0.808,P<0.001)呈正相关。空气污染物与各个气象因子之间均存在不同程度的相关性。结论气象因素对空气污染物的扩散起着重要作用。在儿童哮喘的预防工作中,要及时关注空气污染以及气候变化,在不同季节,开展针对性的防控措施。Objective To investigate the correlation of childhood asthma with air pollutants and meteorological factors in Hohhot urban area,and to determine the main environmental factors affecting the incidence of asthma in children of all ages,so as to provide reference for formulating targeted prevention and emergency measures.Methods The treatment information of childhood asthma in Hohhot urban area from 2015 to 2019 was retrospectively analyzed,and the concentration data of main air pollutants and meteorological data in the same period were statistically collected.The correlations of childhood asthma at all ages with air pollutants and meteorological factors were analyzed to clarify the effects of air pollutants and meteorological factors on childhood asthma.Results During the infant period,the number of asthma patients in spring was positively correlated with NO2 concentration(r=0.351,P=0.049),and the number of asthma patients in summer was negatively correlated with concentrations of PM2.5(r=-0.445,P=0.010)and CO(r=-0.441,P=0.010),and the number of asthma patients in winter was positively correlated with CO concentration(r=0.544,P=0.011).The number of school-age children with asthma in winter was positively correlated with the concentrations of CO(r=0.690,P=0.003)and SO2(r=0.808,P<0.001).There were significant correlations between air pollutants and meteorological factors.Conclusions Meteorological factors play an important role in the diffusion of air pollutants.In the prevention of asthma in children,it is important to keep abreast of air pollution and climate change and to implement targeted prevention and control measures in different seasons.

关 键 词：儿童哮喘 空气污染 气象因素 季节性 年龄 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]