屯堡文书所见清代屯堡话的几个语音特点  

Characteristics of Tunpu(屯堡)Dialect of Qing(清)Dynasty as Reflected in Tunpu(屯堡)Contract Documents

作　　者：史光辉 SHI Guang-hui(College of Humanities,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院,杭州311121

出　　处：《语言研究》2023年第4期28-34,共7页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“贵州契约文书中的方言资料整理与研究”(22BYY123)。

摘　　要：清代屯堡文书中有大量别字材料,揭示了清中叶以来屯堡方言的一些语音特点:中古知系字和部分见组字与精组字合流,读[ts-]组音;泥来母字合流,读[l-]母音;曾梗深臻四摄韵母合流,读[-n]尾音;合口三等韵字与开口一、二、三、四等韵字混读,部分韵母[y]读[i]音,介音y向i合流;入声字主要归入去声和平声,读阴平调的主要是古清入字。这些语音现象和特点有的与今音保持一致,有些存在差异,反映了近三百年来屯堡方言的历史面貌及发展变化。There were a large number of erroneous characters in Tunpu(屯堡)contract documents of Qing(清)Dynasty,which reflected the following features of the Tunpu(屯堡)dialect since the mid Qing(清)Dynasty:middle Chinese initial system Zhi(知)and some Jian(见)have merged into the Jing(精)group and were pronounced as[ts-];initials Ni(泥)and Lai(来)were mutually phonetic and pronounced as[l-];Shen(深)Zhen(臻)and Zeng(曾)Geng(梗)groups were mutually phonetic and pronounced as[-n];some finals[y]were pronounced as[i]and prepositions y and i were mutually phonetic;ancient Rusheng(入声)mainly were pronounced as Qusheng(去声)and Pingsheng(平声),those characters with Yinping(阴平)pronunciation were mainly Rusheng(入声)of the ancient voiceless sound.These phonetic phenomena and features are both consistent with and different from modern pronunciation,which reflected the historical features,development and changes of Tunpu(屯堡)dialect in the past three hundred years.

关 键 词：屯堡文书 别字 屯堡话 方言比较 

分 类 号：H114[语言文字—汉语]