“舍得”的词汇化及其否定式  

The Lexicalizetion of Shede(舍得)and Its Negative Forms

作　　者：王淘 WANG Tao(College of Liberal Arts,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,西安710119

出　　处：《语言研究》2023年第4期45-50,共6页Studies in Language and Linguistics

摘　　要：现代汉语中的动词“舍得”从近代汉语中的能性述补结构“舍+得+O”凝固而来,“舍+得+VP”是诱发“舍得”词汇化的超常组合。“舍+得+VP”由连谓句“舍+得+NP+VP”省略“NP”产生,在重新分析、回溯推理和主观化这些机制的作用下,“舍得”于元代时成词,其意义不再等同于“舍”+“得”的词组义。现代汉语中“舍得”主要的两种否定式“不舍得”和“舍不得”使用频率差异很大,“舍不得”的用例远多于“不舍得”,这是由两者的来源、性质和语法功能的差异造成的。The verb Shede(舍得)that in modern Chinese developed from the potential verb-complement construction”that named she(舍)+de(得)+O”,“She(舍)+de(得)+VP”is the unconventional construction in which induced its lexicalization.It is the key reason about the production of“She(舍)+de(得)+VP”that the conjunctive“she(舍)+de(得)+NP+VP”omitted“NP”.Under the influence of re-analysis,back-inference and subjectivization,“Shede(舍得)”developed into a word in Yuan(元)dynasty,and because the meaning of this struction have change as a whole,not the sum of the two parts.There are two negative forms of Shede(舍得),One is shebude(舍不得),the other is bushede(不舍得).The use frequency of shebude(舍不得)is higher than bushede(不舍得).It’s determined by the differences in their origins,nature,and grammatical functions.

关 键 词：舍得 能性述补结构 词汇化 舍不得 不舍得 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]