橡胶树季风性落叶病病原菌的分离鉴定及其防治药剂筛选  

Isolation and Identification of Pathogen of Rubber Tree Phytophthora Leaf Fall Disease and Screening of Control Fungicides

作　　者：施玉萍[1] 刘一贤[1] 李国伟 唐轶 戴利铭 李岚岚 蔡志英[1] SHI Yuping;LIU Yixian;LI Guowei;TANG Yi;DAI Liming;LI Lanlan;CAI Zhiying(National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree,Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Jinghong 666100,China;Mengla County Mengpeng Farm Co.,LTD,Yunnan Mengla 666307,China;Community Comprehensive Service Center of Mengpeng farm,Yunnan Mengla 666307,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室(筹),天然橡胶良种选育与栽培技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,云南景洪666100 [2]勐腊县勐捧农场有限责任公司,云南勐腊666307 [3]勐捧农场社区综合服务中心,云南勐腊666307

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第11期114-122,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：云南省财政专项(RF2023-7);云南省热带作物科学研究所青年人才成长基金项目(QNCZ2022-3);西双版纳橡胶林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站项目(202205AM070004)。

摘　　要：近2年西双版纳植胶区橡胶树发生大面积落叶,病害症状与季风性落叶病相似。为弄清引起橡胶树落叶病害的致病菌并筛选出有效的防治药剂,采用组织分离法和菌丝尖端纯化法进行病原菌分离、纯化,结合柯赫氏法则、形态特征、生理学特性及病原菌rDNA-ITS、COXⅡ核苷酸序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,引起橡胶树落叶病害的致病菌为簇囊疫霉(Phytophthora botryosa),为我国橡胶树季风性落叶病致病菌新记录种。采用菌丝生长速率法测定15种杀菌剂对该病原菌的室内抑菌活性,结果表明,48%烯酰·氰霜唑悬浮剂、80%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂、30%烯酰·甲霜灵水分散粒剂、35%烯酰·霜脲氰悬浮剂、30%氟吡菌胺·甲霜灵水分散粒剂、0.3%四霉素水剂均可有效抑制病原菌的菌丝生长,其EC_(50)分别为0.1371、0.1759、0.2017、0.2577、0.2651和0.3510 mg·L^(-1),这些药剂均可用作该病害田间防治的备选药剂。In the last 2 years,rubber tree abnormal leaf fall occurred over large area in Xishuangbanna rubber plantation,and the symptoms were similar to those of rubber tree Phytophthora leaf fall disease.In order to clarify the pathogenic species and screen fungicides for effective control of this disease,the pathogen was isolated and purified by tissue isolation and mycelia cusp purification method,and the pathogenicity was determined by Koch’s postulates test,morphological and physiological characteristics,rDNA-ITS and COXⅡgene sequence analysis.The results showed that the pathogen caused rubber tree abnormal leaf fall was identified as Phytophthora botryosa,which was a new record pathogen of rubber tree Phytophthora leaf fall disease in China.The antibiotic activities of 15 fungicides was tested in vitro with mycelial growth rate method.48%dimethomorph-cyazofamid SC(suspension concentrate),80%dimethomorph WG(water dispersible granule),30%metalaxyl-dimethomorph WG,35%dimethomorph-cymoxanil SC,30%floridomide-metalaxyl WG and 0.3%tetramycin AS(aqueoces solution)could effectively inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogen,with EC_(50) of 0.1371,0.1759,0.2017,0.2577,0.2651,0.3510 mg·L^(-1),respectively,which could be used as candidates for control of the disease in the field.

关 键 词：橡胶树 季风性落叶病 簇囊疫霉 病原菌鉴定 中国新记录种 防治药剂 

分 类 号：S796[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S432.4[农业科学—林学]