昆明盆地地下水水质水位长序列数据特征分析  

Characteristics of long series data of groundwater quality and level in Kunming basin

作　　者：康晓莉 周俊蓉 高瑜 张华 KANG Xiaoli;ZHOU Junrong;GAO Yu;ZHANG Hua(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area,MNR,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室(筹),云南昆明650216 [2]自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室,云南昆明650216 [3]云南省地质环境监测院,云南昆明650216

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2023年第4期662-671,共10页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：广西岩溶动力学重大科技创新基地开放课题(KDL202101);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502502);国家地下水监测工程(WF202000PB)联合资助。

摘　　要：通过对昆明盆地,特别是主城区长序列水质水位监测数据对比分析,采用水文地质法、数据统计法、Piper和Matlab软件建立模型进行水质水位动态特征和变化趋势分析研究。昆明盆地地下化学类型以HCO_(3)-Ca和HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型为主。孔隙水超标项以Mn、NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)、COD为主;岩溶水超标项以Mn、NH_(4)^(+)、F为主;近年来超标物项目趋于复杂,出现I、SO_(4)^(2-)、As、Cd等有毒有害和有机物超标,水质变化原因为工业和生活污染加剧。对地下水位20年长序列动态变化特征和趋势研究表明,昆明盆地地下水位年际变化主要受工农业生产、开采量和工程活动等影响,孔隙水2002—2009年呈下降趋势,2009年后总体呈上升趋势;岩溶水2002—2012年呈下降趋势,2012年后总体呈上升趋势;翠湖等5个降落漏斗区地下水位回升趋势较为显著,主要与昆明市限制地下水开采、封填地下水开采井的措施密切相关。基于水质、水位动态分析结果,提出保护建议。Kunming basin is a representative of karst faulted basin,with a basin bottom area of 846.19 km2 and a fluctuation of 1-82 m averaging at 19 m.With the city development,Kunming has gradually become one of the megacities in China.However,as the center of intensive human settlements and activities,the contradiction between human and land is prominent,and the problems of resources and environment are serious.Since the 1960s,the dynamic monitoring of groundwater in the urban and suburban areas of Kunming has been carried out in a comprehensive and systematic manner.In this study,hydrogeology method,data statistics method,Piper and Matlab software were used to establish models to analyze the dynamic characteristics and change of water quality and water level,based on the comparative analysis of monitoring data of water quality and level in Kunming basin,especially in the main urban area.The main underground chemical types of Kunming basin are HCO_(3)-Ca and HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg.In recent years,with the gradual increase of Na^(+)+K^(+)and SO_(4)^(2-)+Cl,the hydrochemical types have also gradually been increasing and become more complex.According to the water quality evaluation,the groundwater quality in Kunming basin has generally shown a downward trend in recent 15 years.The pore water quality is mainly of Class Ⅳ and Class Ⅴ,and the proportion of Class Ⅴ water has increased rapidly,from 30.2%to 62.5%.The bedrock water quality is mainly of Class Ⅲ and Class Ⅳ.The proportion of Class Ⅳ water and Class Ⅴ water has risen rapidly from 11.1%and 8.6%to 33.3%and 26.7%,respectively.Mn,NH_(4)^(+),NO_(3)^(-)and COD are the main items exceeding permitted levels in pore water.Mn,NH_(4)^(+) and F are the main items exceeding permitted levels in karst water.In recent years,I,SO_(4)^(2-),As,Cd and other toxic,harmful and organic substances have exceeded permitted levels,showing a compex tendency.The reason for the change of water quality is the intensification of industrial and domestic pollution.The results show that the int

关 键 词：地下水监测 水质 水位 趋势分析 昆明盆地 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]