四川省地面雨量站站网现状分析  

Analysis of Status of Precipitation Station Network in Sichuan Province

作　　者：吴薇 黄晓龙 周春花 郭旭 杜冰 王婷 WU Wei;HUANG Xiaolong;ZHOU Chunhua;GUO Xu;DU Bing;WANG Ting(Sichuan Provincial Meteorological Observation and Data Centre,Chengdu 610072;Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610072;Sichuan Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center,Chengdu 610072)

机构地区：[1]四川省气象探测数据中心,成都610072 [2]高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室,成都610072 [3]四川省气象灾害防御技术中心,成都610072

出　　处：《气象科技》2023年第5期639-647,共9页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2022YFS0541);高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目(SCQXKJYJXMS202221、SCQXKJYJXMS202219)资助。

摘　　要：气象台站站网布局质量直接影响观测资料的使用效益。通过水平站间距、垂直层分布、坡度、流域、风险区划、站点控制范围以及网格覆盖率等多个角度对四川省现有地面雨量站站网进行分析,以期为后续增减站点、站网布局优化提供科学依据。分析结果表明:(1)四川省雨量站平均水平站间距为9.04 km,完全满足世界气象组织OSCAR对气候监测领域的需求,满足全球数值天气预报的“突破”需求,但距理想的“目标”还有一定差距;(2)四川省80%以上的雨量站布设在低海拔和中海拔区域,92.38%的雨量站布设在平坡地、较平坡地、缓坡地和较缓坡地;(3)四川省较高和高风险区面积占比不足40%,站数占比达50%以上,且站网密度随着风险区从低到高逐渐增大;(4)站点控制面积<100 km^(2)的区域主要分布在四川盆地内,川西高原站点控制面积普遍在100 km^(2)以上,个别站点控制面积在1000 km^(2)以上;(5)不同分辨率网格覆盖率,四川盆地内最高,攀西地区次之,川西高原相对较低。The layout quality of the meteorological station network directly affects the efficiency of observation data use.The existing surface precipitation station network in Sichuan Province is analyzed from the perspectives of the horizontal station spacing,vertical layer distribution,slope,river basin,risk zoning,station control range,and grid coverage,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the subsequent increase or decrease of stations and the optimisation of station network layout.The results show that:(1)The average horizontal station spacing of Sichuan precipitation stations is 9.04 km,which fully meets the requirements for climate monitoring by the World Meteorological Organisation OSCAR,and the“breakthrough”needs of global numerical weather forecasting,but there still exists a certain gap from the ideal“target”.(2)Over 80%of precipitation stations in Sichuan Province are located in low and medium-altitude areas,and 92.38%of precipitation stations are located in flat slopes,relatively flat slopes,gentle slopes,and relatively gentle slopes.(3)The area of the higher and highest-risk areas in Sichuan Province accounts for less than 40%,and the number of stations accounts for more than 50%.The density of the station network gradually increases with the risk area from low to high.(4)Stations with a control area of<100 km^(2)are primarily distributed in the Sichuan Basin.Stations in the Western Sichuan Plateau generally have a control area of more than 100 km^(2),and some stations have a control area of more than 1000 km^(2).(5)The grid coverage at different resolutions is highest in the Sichuan Basin,followed by the Panzhihua Xichang area,and the Western Sichuan Plateau is relatively low.

关 键 词：雨量站 站网密度 站网覆盖 四川省 

分 类 号：P411[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]