施肥对油茶养分利用和经济性状的影响  

Effects of fertilizer application on nutrient utilization and economic traits of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：黄安香 卢香 王忠伟 杨守禄 柏文恋 邬能英 HUANG Anxiang;LU Xiang;WANG Zhongwei;YANG Shoulu;BAI Wenlian;WU Nengying(Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2023年第6期642-650,共9页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目黔科合支撑[2021]130号;贵州省特色林业产业科技研发项目特林研[2020]14号;贵州林下经济研究创新能力建设项目黔科合服企[2020]4010。

摘　　要：为探究植物源有机肥对油茶N、P、K等大量元素,Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu等微量元素的养分利用及经济性状的影响,进行了油茶3种施肥处理试验[不施肥(CK)、施植物源生物有机肥(BOF)和施植物源有机复合肥(OCF)]。连续监测油茶叶片在一个生长周期的营养状况,并在成熟期采集油茶果,分析比较各施肥处理的油茶对养分利用和经济性状的差异。3种施肥处理对土壤肥力改善表现为OCF>BOF>CK,主要提高了土壤中有效钾(AK)、有效磷(AP)、水解氮(AN)等速效养分含量。油茶对养分元素的需求表现为:抽梢期对N、K、Ca、Mg、Fe元素需求较高;果实膨大期和油脂合成期对N、P、B元素需求较高;盛花期对Cu、Zn、B元素需求较高。油茶对N、P、K、Cu、Fe、Zn元素的吸收利用率为BOF<OCF;籽粒贡献率N、P、K为BOF>OCF,Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn为BOF<OCF。N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn等养分元素含量在油茶叶片中与土壤中具有显著的相关性(P<0.05),但Cu、Fe、Zn、B、Se等微量元素含量在油茶叶片中与土壤中无显著相关性。BOF和OCF处理的油茶鲜果直径、平均单果重和单株产量分别较CK提高了24.57%和25.77%,70.36%和51.22%,83.93%和166.07%。油茶在不同时期对养分元素需求各有差异:抽梢期应向土壤增施N、K、Ca、Mg肥;油脂合成期增施N、P、B肥;盛花期喷施Cu、Zn、B肥。施用BOF和OCF对提高油茶产量均具有显著效果。This study investigates the impact of fertilizer application on nutrient utilization and economic traits of Camellia oleifera with the aim of enhancing its quality and yield while providing guidance for precise fertilization.We conducted three fertilization tests:no fertilization(CK),application of plant-derived bio-organic fertilizer(BOF),and application of an organic plant compound fertilizer(OCF).We monitored C.oleifera leaves throughout its growth cycle and collected mature fruit samples.Soil fertility improved in the order of OCF>BOF>CK,with increased levels of available potassium(AK),available phosphorus(AP),and hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN),among other nutrients.The nutrient requirements of C.oleifera varied throughout its growth stages.For instance,N,K,Ca,Mg and Fe were in higher demand during the extraction stage,while N,P,and B were required more during fruit expansion and lipid synthesis,Cu,Zn,and B needs were higher during the flowering stage.The OCF treatment showed higher rates of N,P,K,Cu,Fe,and Zn absorption and utilization from fertilizers.BOF showed higher rates of N,P,K contributing to seed nutrient,while Ca,Mn,Fe and Zn showed the OCF treatment higher.Leaf nutrient content correlated significantly with N,P,K,Ca,Mg,and Mn levels in the soil(P<0.05),but not with trace elements such as Cu,Fe,Zn,B,and Se.Both BOF and OCF treatments increased fruit diameter,weight,and yield.BOF showed a 24.57%and 70.36%increase in diameter and weight,while OCF showed a 25.77%and 51.22%increase.The yield increased by 83.93%with BOF and 166.07%with OCF.To optimize results,we recommend adding N,K,Ca,and Mg during the germination period,N,P and B during the oil synthesis period,and spraying Cu,Zn,and B during full bloom.The BOF and OCF significantly increased the yield of C.oleifera.

关 键 词：植物源生物有机肥 植物源有机复合肥 油茶 氮 磷 钾 微量养分 利用率 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]