八角高产和低产植株叶片营养元素含量的月变化规律  

Monthly variation of nutrient elements in leaves of high-yield and low yield trees of Illicium verum

作　　者：黄开顺[1] 梁文汇[1] 曾祥艳[1] 杨卓颖 陈金艳[1] 廖立峰 Huang Kaishun;Liang Wenhui;Zeng Xiangyan;Yang Zhuoying;Chen Jinyan;Liao Lifeng(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization,Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology,Nanning Guangxi 530002,China;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region State-owned Sanmenjiang Forest Farm,Liuzhou Guangxi 545006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院·广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室·国家林业草原八角肉桂工程技术研究中心·广西木本香料工程技术研究中心,广西南宁530002 [2]广西壮族自治区国有三门江林场,广西柳州545006

出　　处：《南方林业科学》2023年第5期11-16,共6页South China Forestry Science

基　　金：“十四五”广西重点研发计划(项目编号:桂科AB1850014,桂科AB18221040);广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室自主课题(项目编号:JA-22-03-03)。

摘　　要：为研究八角高产和低产植株叶片营养元素含量的月变化规律及差异,以24年生八角高产和低产植株为研究材料,连续一年每月采集新鲜叶片样品,分析测定其氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、锰和硼营养元素的含量。结果显示:高产和低产八角植株叶片营养元素含量的月变化趋势基本一致,但由于高产和低产植株的生殖和营养生长活动有强弱差异,两者对营养元素的需求量不同,因而叶片营养元素含量水平表现出明显的差异性。其中,氮、锰元素含量表现为高产植株每月份都高于低产植株,且在5月和7月氮元素含量差异显著;8―9月磷、钾元素含量表现为高产植株显著低于低产植株。一个周年中,八角高产植株叶片氮含量为14.33~23.20 g·kg^(-1),低产植株叶片氮含量为13.25~20.13 g·kg^(-1);高产植株叶片锰含量为639.00~1643.00 mg·kg^(-1),低产植株叶片锰含量为384.00~971.00 mg·kg^(-1),高产和低产植株叶片锰元素含量差值最大,但都未达到显著差异。研究结果揭示了八角高产植株能维持高产水平,其叶片营养元素含量应达到的正常水平。建议在实际的施肥管理中,应在不同月份使用不同配比的肥料。2―3月提高氮元素用量,并添加适量锰元素,以促进春梢和新叶生长,增强叶片光合能力,为幼果生长以及随后5―7月新一轮花芽分化提供充足营养。6―7月提高磷、钾元素用量,主要目的是催花坐果和壮果。In order to study the monthly variation and difference of nutrient elements contents in leaves of high-yield and low yield trees of Illicium verum,fresh leaf samples were collected from 24-year-old high-yield and low-yield trees to analyze and measure the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,cuprum,zinc,ferrum,manganese and boron.The results showed that:the monthly variation trend of nutrient elements content in leaves of high-yield and low-yield trees were basically the same.However,because of the differences in the reproductive and vegetative growth activities of high-yield and low-yield trees,the two trees had different requirements for nutrient elements,and thus the content level of nutrient elements in leaves had obvious differences.The content of nitrogen and manganese in high-yield trees were higher than low yield trees every month,and the content of nitrogen in May and July was different significantly.In one year,the leaf nitrogen content of high-yielding plants was from 14.33 to 23.20 g·kg^(-1),and that of low-yielding plants was from 13.25 to 20.13 g·kg^(-1).The contents of manganese in leaves of high-yielding plants ranged from 639.00 to 1643.00 mg·kg^(-1),and those of low-yielding plants ranged from 384.00 to 971.00 mg·kg^(-1).The difference in contents of manganese in leaves of high-yielding and low yielding plants was the largest,but no significant difference was reached.The content of phosphorus and potassium in high yield trees were lower significantly than low-yield trees from August to September.The results showed that the high-yielding plants of I.verum could maintain the high yield level and the content of nutrient elements in their leaves should reach the normal level.It was suggested that different proportions of fertilizer should be used in different month in actual fertilization management.In the spring season from February to March,the amount of nitrogen and appropriate amount of manganese were increased to promote the growth of sprouting and new leaves,enhance

关 键 词：八角 高产 低产 营养元素 

分 类 号：S727.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S725.5[农业科学—林学]