几丁质酶在农作物病虫害生物防治中的研究进展  

Research Progress in Chitinase Involving in the Biocontrol of Crop Diseases and Pests

作　　者：马赛买 李同源 马燕军 韩富军[2] 彭海[2] 孔维宝[1] MA Sai-mai;LI Tong-yuan;MA Yan-jun;HAN Fu-jun;PENG Hai;KONG Wei-bao(College of Life Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070;Institute of Forestry,Fruit and Flower,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2023年第10期29-40,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：2022年度甘肃省重点研发计划项目(22YF7NA118);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1602204);甘肃省科技厅民生科技专项(21CX6NA124);西北师范大学重大科研项目培育计划项目(NWNU-LKZD2022-02);甘肃省农业科学院科技成果转化项目(2022GAAS-CGZH11)。

摘　　要：病虫害严重影响农作物的品质、产量和安全。生物防治作为一种绿色、安全、有效防控病虫害的技术方法越来越受到人们关注。几丁质酶(EC 3.2.1.14)是一类广泛存在于微生物和植物中的糖苷水解酶,可有效降解病原真菌细胞壁、昆虫及线虫体壁中的几丁质,抑制病原真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长,以及昆虫和线虫的发育,在农作物病虫害生物防治中具有重要作用和广泛的应用前景。本文综述了几丁质酶的种类和来源、生防机理,以及基于几丁质酶的转基因技术在作物病虫害防治中的应用等方面的进展,以期为几丁质酶的进一步研究和应用提供信息参考。Pests and diseases seriously affect the quality,yield and safety of crops.As a green,safe and effective method to control pests and diseases,biological control has attracted more and more attention.Chitinase(EC 3.2.1.14)is a kind of glycosylated hydrolase widely existing in microorganisms and plants.It can effectively degrade the chitin in cell walls of pathogenic fungi,insects and nematodes causing diseases and insect pests,and inhibit the spore germination and mycelium growth of pathogenic fungi,and the development of insects and nematodes,which has an important role and application prospect in the biological control of crop diseases and insect pests.This paper reviewed the types and sources of chitinases,the biological control mechanism and control strategy of chitinase,and the application of transgenic technology based on chitinase in crop pest control,aiming to provide information for further investigation and application of chitinase in the fields of crop production,pests and diseases control.

关 键 词：农作物 植物病虫害 生物防治 几丁质酶 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]