基于线粒体形态与功能的白腰雪雀高原适应性研究  

Plateau Adaptation of White-rumped Snowfinch Based on Mitochondrial Morphology and Function

作　　者：吕博文 马永贵 李国刚 郝玉馨 赵建芝 马玉梅 贺玉姣 LÜBowen;MA Yonggui;LI Guogang;HAO Yuxin;ZHAO Jianzhi;MA Yumei;HE Yujiao(College of Life Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining,810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Xining,810008,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Xining,810008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学生命科学学院,西宁810008 [2]青海省青藏高原药用动植物资源重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]高原科学与可持续发展研究院,西宁810008

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第4期822-829,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

摘　　要：为了探究白腰雪雀(Onychostruthus taczanowskii)胸肌和心肌组织对高原环境的适应机制,以2个不同海拔地区的白腰雪雀为样本,以低海拔地区麻雀(Passer montanus)为对照,应用显微体视学技术,分析胸肌和心肌组织线粒体的面数密度(NA)、体密度(VV)、面密度(SV)、平均截面面积(MS)和比表面(δ);采用分光光度法测定线粒体呼吸链上复合体Ⅰ~Ⅳ的酶活性。结果显示:高海拔白腰雪雀胸肌和心肌组织线粒体的NA、VV、SV和δ均大于低海拔的,除心肌线粒体的NA外,其余参数均达显著水平(p<0.05),胸肌和心肌组织线粒体的4个复合体酶活性均大于低海拔,除胸肌组织的复合体Ⅲ和Ⅳ外,其余均达显著水平(p<0.01)。与麻雀相比,白腰雪雀胸肌和心肌组织线粒体的NA和δ均显著高于麻雀(p<0.05),而MS显著低于麻雀(p<0.001);白腰雪雀组织线粒体上4个复合体的酶活性均大于麻雀,除胸肌组织复合体Ⅰ外,其余均达显著水平(p<0.01)。研究表明白腰雪雀在高原低温、低氧环境下,胸肌和心肌组织可通过减小单位线粒体的体积、增加胞内线粒体数量、加强线粒体对自身膜的利用率和提高线粒体呼吸链上4个复合体酶活性的方式,更好地适应高原生活。In order to investigate the adaptation mechanism of the pectoral and myocardial muscle tissues of white-rumped snowfinches(Onychostruthus taczanowskii) to the plateau environment,white-rumped snowfinches from two different highaltitudes were selected as treatment groups and tree sparrows(Passer montanus) from low-altitude area were referred to as the controls.We applied microscopy and stereology to analyze the numerical density on area(NA),volume density(VV),surface density(SV),mean section area(MS) and specific surface(δ) of mitochondria.The activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ-Ⅳ were measured by spectrophotometer.Results showed that the NA,VV,SV and δ of the mitochondria in the pectoral and myocardial muscle tissues of the white-rumped snowfinches habiting at high altitudes were greater than the counterparts at lower altitudes,and all parameters reached at a significant level(p<0.05) but not the NA of the cardiac myocyte mitochondria.For the enzymatic activity of the four complexes in the mitochondria of the pectoral and myocardial tissues of white-rumped snowfinches,it was greater at high altitudes than at low altitudes,and reached significant levels(p<0.01) except for complexes III and IV in the pectoral muscle tissue.Compared with the control,the NA and δof mitochondria in pectoral and myocardial muscle tissues were significantly higher(p<0.05),while MS was significantly lower(p<0.001) than that of tree sparrow.The enzyme activities of all four complexes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of white-rumped snowfinches were greater than those of tree sparrows(p<0.01),except for complex Ⅰ in pectoral muscle tissue.The above results suggested that the pectoral and myocardial muscle tissues of white-rumped snowfinches could better adapt to the plateau by reducing the volume of mitochondria,increasing the number of intracellular mitochondria,enhancing the utilization rate of mitochondrial membrane,and improving the enzyme activities of the four complexes in the mitochondrial respirator

关 键 词：白腰雪雀 线粒体 低氧适应 胸肌 心肌 青藏高原 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]