哈尔滨兆麟公园繁殖期鸳鸯日行为模式比较研究  

Individual Differences of Daily Behavior Patterns of Mandarin Ducks During Breeding in the Zhaolin Park,Harbin

作　　者：NGO THI KIEU TRANG 杨雨尘 李浙 田一柳 王佳明 吕泓学 邓文攸 石娟 吴庆明[1] NGO THI KIEU TRANG;YANG Yuchen;LI Zhe;TIAN Yiliu;WANG Jiaming;LÜHongxue;DENG Wenyou;SHI Juan;WU Qingming(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Administration Bureau of Liangshui National Nature Reserve,Yichun,153106,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区管理局,伊春153106

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第4期842-852,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32271557);黑龙江省级大学生创新计划项目(S202210225250);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk1200);教育部中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2572022AW19)。

摘　　要：2021年4—7月,在哈尔滨兆麟公园采用定点观察法、瞬时扫描法对繁殖期鸳鸯(Aix galericulata)日行为模式的时间分配和节律在不同性别、不同阶段、成幼间的差异进行研究,主要观察记录静栖、站立、游走、理羽、觅食、警戒、打斗和飞行等行为,累积观察726 h,共获得173246条有效数据。结果表明:(1)在日行为时间分配上,不同性别、不同阶段(卵期和雏期)及成幼间存在显著差异(p<0.05)。静栖是卵期、雏期成年雌雄个体的优势行为,雄性站立和打斗行为显著高于雌性,雌性觅食行为显著高于雄性。卵期游走、觅食行为显著高于雏期,雏期站立、理羽行为显著高于卵期。成幼优势行为存在显著差异,静栖为成体的主要行为,而幼体为游走和觅食;成体用于静栖、站立和理羽的时间显著高于幼体,而幼体用于游走、觅食的时间显著高于成体。(2)在行为活动节律上,不同性别、不同阶段及成幼间表现的方式不同。不同性别、不同阶段(卵期和雏期)主要行为节律趋于一致,均表现为早、午和晚3个觅食峰值,觅食中或觅食后会有站立、理羽、警戒和游走行为,晨食后有明显的静栖高峰,雌性个体下午出现静栖小峰值,期间伴有游走和飞行行为,雄性打斗行为偏多,卵期打斗行为波动较大,并与雏期呈互补的螺旋结构。成幼间行为节律存在显著差异,觅食、静栖、站立、理羽和游走行为全时段基本均有发生,幼体除觅食外均有1个明显峰值,但成体活动的峰值不明显(觅食除外)。基于分析结果,建议兆麟公园在鸳鸯卵期和雏期要视性别、成幼给与不同的管理方式。From April to July in 2021,using instantaneous scanning and point observation methods,we quantified gender,age and stage induced differences in daily behavior patterns of mandarin ducks(Aix galericulata) which included resting,standing,wandering,grooming,foraging,alert,fighting and flying,based on 173,246 records collected over 726hours in Zhaolin Park,Harbin.Results showed that(1) there was significant difference in the time allocation of daily behavior among genders,stages and adults-juveniles(p<0.05).Resting was the dominant behavior of adult male and female in egg stage and chick stage.Males spent greater amount of time on standing and fighting than females,while females spent significantly more time on foraging than males.The time allocation for wandering and foraging in egg stage was significantly longer than that in chick stage,while standing and grooming in chick stage was opposite.There was significant difference between adults and juveniles.Resting was the main behavior of the adult mandarin ducks,while the juveniles were wandering and foraging.Adults spent significantly more time on resting,standing and grooming than juveniles,while juveniles spent significantly more time on wandering and foraging in the behavioral time budget.(2) On the rhythm behavior,gender,stage,age induced great variability.The main behavioral rhythms of different gender and different stage tend to be consistent,showing three foraging peaks in the morning,afternoon and evening.Among them,morning feeding in egg stage was earlier than that in chick stage.There were standing,grooming,alerting and wandering behaviors during or after foraging,and obvious resting peak after morning feeding.The female had small resting peak in the afternoon,accompanied by wandering and flying behaviors.And males had more fighting behaviors.The fighting behavior fluctuated greatly in the egg stage and showed a complementary spiral structure with that in the chick stage.There was significant difference between adult and juvenile behavioral rhythm.Foraging,

关 键 词：鸳鸯 性别差异 阶段差异 成幼差异 日行为模式 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]