日本全球重要农业文化遗产的旅游业发展:创造基于故事和体验的产品  

Tourism Development in Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System Areas in Japan:Making Stories and Experience-based Products

作　　者：YOTSUMOTO Yukio VAFADARI Kazem KUBO Takayuki YOTSUMOTO Yukio;VAFADARI Kazem;KUBO Takayuki(Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University,Beppu,Oita 874-8577,Japan)

机构地区：[1]立命馆亚太大学,别府大分874-8577,日本

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第6期1302-1313,共12页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science—Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)(21H03725);The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science—Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(A)(21H04382)。

摘　　要：在日本,联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)所在的社区尝试利用GIAHS的品牌优势来开发旅游产品。随着体验经济对社会发展的重要性日益凸显,对于面临老龄化和人口减少的社区来说,发展可持续旅游成为现实的选择。这项研究中着眼于故事(叙事)是如何与农业产品的品牌内涵以及农业文化相联系,并总结了日本GIAHS社区在开发基于体验的产品中所遇到的问题。本文主要通过访谈和观察收集定性数据,进而采用归纳的方法对数据进行分析。按照标准分析方法挖掘转录数据的异同结构,并使用图表来直观表达想法。本研究在大分、岐阜、静冈等代表日本所有GIAHS类型的地区开展了实地调查。研究表明,景观型的遗产地可以基于GIAHS申报书提炼出的故事开发手工艺品、食品等多种纪念品。农耕模式类型的遗产地,故事可以针对单一的农产品及其生产方式叙述。另一发现是,基于体验的GIAHS产品中存在两层叙事:第一层是利用当地已知的农业和文化传统创建的,第二层是在第一层的基础上衍生的GIAHS故事,作为对当地农业遗产的科学解读。Japanese communities associated with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)program have tried to develop tourism products that take advantage of their certification as a GIAHS site.As the experience economy is gaining more importance in society,tapping into tourism is a realistic choice for the communities that face aging and declining populations.In this study,we look at how stories(narratives)are attached to agricultural products and culture and identify issues in making experience-based products in GIAHS areas in Japan.We used an inductive approach to analyze qualitative data collected mainly by interviews and observations.For the analysis,we followed the standard analytical techniques,that is,searching for patterns of similarities and differences of transcribed data and refining ideas using diagrams.Field work was conducted in Oita GIAHS,Gifu GIAHS and Shizuoka Chagusaba GIAHS that represent all GIAHS types in Japan.This research shows that the landscape type of GIAHS can develop various souvenirs with different stories extracted from GIAHS certification documents from crafts to foodstuffs.On the other hand,in the farming method type of GIAHS,narratives are confined to a single agricultural product and its production method.Another finding is that two layers of narratives exist in the experience-based products in GIAHS areas.The first layer is created utilizing already known agricultural and cultural traditions in a locality.The second layer is a GIAHS story added to the first layer as a scientific reinterpretation of local agricultural heritage.

关 键 词：真实性 基于体验的产品 体验经济 全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS) 叙事 纪念品 旅游 日本 

分 类 号：F331.3[经济管理—产业经济] F593.13[文化科学] G131.3