贸易逆差、新增长动力与韩国经济模式探索  

Trade Deficit,New Growth Drivers and ROK's Economic Model

作　　者：张慧智[1] 赵丹[2] Zhang Huizhi;Zhao Dan(Northeast Asia Studies College,Jilin University;Northeast Asia College,Jilin University)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心 [2]吉林大学东北亚学院

出　　处：《当代韩国》2023年第3期52-62,共11页Contemporary Korea

基　　金：国家社科基金“朝韩国家战略调整与半岛形势发展新趋势”(项目编号:19BGJ048)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2022年韩国重现巨额贸易逆差,中国由其最大贸易顺差国转变为最大贸易逆差国,给韩国经济带来巨大考验。韩国贸易逆差的出现不仅受世界经济低迷、能源价格上涨、新冠疫情等外部政治经济因素影响,也显露出韩国贸易结构过于集中、出口竞争力下降的内在问题。尹锡悦上台后坚持推进韩美产业与科技同盟,企图与中国“脱钩断链”,努力利用拓展区域合作、大力发展尖端产业技术、吸引内外部投资等方式探索韩国经济发展新动力,实现经济发展模式由出口主导型向创新主导型转变,但因其实质问题未有解决,总体效果有限。如果韩国坚持“经济阵营化”政策,坚持以经济安全为名实施贸易和技术保护主义,限制尖端技术人才交流,最终只会牺牲本国利益,背离创新增长的长远目标。In 2022,ROK returns to a huge trade deficit,and China will change from its largest trade surplus country to largest trade deficit country,which will bring great tests to the economy of ROK.ROK's trade deficit is not only affected by external political and economic factors such as the global economic downturn,rising energy prices,and the COVID-19 pandemic,but also reveals the internal problems of its overly concentrated trade structure and declining export competitiveness.After taking office,the Yun Suk-yeol government insisted on promoting the ROK-US industrial and technological alliance,attempted to"decoupage and break the chain"with China,and tried to explore new driving forces for ROK's economic development by expanding regional cooperation,vigorously developing cutting-edge industrial technologies,and attracting internal and external investment,so as to realize the transformation of the economic development model from export-oriented to innovation-oriented.However,due to its substantive problems,the overall effect was limited.If ROK persists in its policy of"economic centralization",pursues trade and technological protectionism in the name of economic security,and restricts the exchange of high-tech talents,it will only sacrifice its own interests and deviate from the long-term goal of innovative growth.

关 键 词：韩国 贸易逆差 经济增长 经济安全 发展模式转型 

分 类 号：F131.26[经济管理—世界经济] F753.126