不同秸秆利用方式对黑土团聚体及其腐殖物质的影响  

Effects of Different Utilization Methods of Straw on Aggregates and Humic Substance in Black Soil

作　　者：林欣欣 刘思佳 关松[1] 张晋京[1] 任军[3] 蔡红光[3] 刘日月 LIN Xinxin;LIU Sijia;GUAN Song;ZHANG Jinjing;REN Jun;CAI Hongguang;LIU Riyue(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Changchun City Soil Fertilizer Station,Changchun 130137,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]长春市土壤肥料工作站,长春130137 [3]吉林省农业科学院,长春130033

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2023年第5期572-581,共10页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200801,2017YFD0300602);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20190301025NY,20170101162JC)。

摘　　要：为探讨秸秆的不同利用方式还田对黑土肥力的影响,通过5年田间试验,研究了黑土连续施用玉米秸秆、生物质炭和牛粪配施化肥对土壤团聚体及其腐殖物质组成的影响。结果表明:与无化肥和有机物料添加对照处理相比,单施化肥(NPK)、NPK+生物质炭(BC)、NPK+牛粪(CM)和NPK+秸秆(CS)处理显著促进了>0.25 mm大团聚体的形成;与NPK相比,NPK+BC、NPK+CM和NPK+CS处理均显著提高了土壤总有机碳、胡敏酸与胡敏素含量,也显著增加了大团聚体与微团聚体中有机碳以及胡敏酸与胡敏素含量。不同秸秆利用方式之间相比,施用生物质炭更有利于提高土壤总有机碳和胡敏素的积累,而秸秆直接还田处理更有利于土壤胡敏酸的形成。连续5年施用秸秆、秸秆生物质炭和牛粪的田间试验促进了黑土良好结构的重建,从而提升土壤物理保护有机碳的潜力及有机碳的稳定性,同时也促进了土壤胡敏酸和胡敏素的积累,改善了土壤有机质品质,提高了土壤肥力,实现了提升黑土肥力与固碳的协同效应。In order to explore the effects of different straw utilization methods on the fertility of black soil,a 5-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of continuous application of corn straw,biochar and cattle manure with chemical fertilizer on soil aggregates and the composition of humic substance in black soil.The results showed that,compared with no application treatment(ck),the treatments of single application of fertilizer(NPK),biochar with NPK(NPK+BC),cattle manure with NPK(NPK+CM)and straw with NPK(NPK+CS)significantly promoted the formation of macroaggregates>0.25 mm.Compared with NPK,the treatments of NPK+BC,NPK+CM,and NPK+CS all significantly increased the contents of total soil organic carbon(SOC),humic acid(HA)and humin(Hu)in soil,and the contents of SOC,HA and Hu in macroaggregates and microaggregates as well.Compared with different straw utilization methods,NPK+BC treatment was more conducive to the accumulation of total SOC and Hu,whereas NPK+CS treatment was more beneficial to the formation of HA.The 5-year field experiment of continuous application of corn straw,biochar and cattle manure has promoted the reconstruction of black soil structure,consequently,improving the potential of physical protection of SOC and the stability of SOC.Concurrently,it has promoted the accumulation of HA and Hu,the quality of soil organic matter and soil fertility,achieving the synergistic effect of improving black soil fertility and carbon sequestration.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 生物质炭 土壤团聚体 腐殖物质 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]