秸秆还田和氮肥供应对设施番茄土壤肥力与氮素淋溶的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Supply on Soil Fertility and Nitrogen Leaching of Greenhouse Tomato Field

作　　者：李杨[1] 孙玉禄[1] 刘晓辉[1] 高晓梅[1] 敖静[1] LI Yang;SUN Yulu;LIU Xiaohui;GAO Xiaomei;AO Jing(Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province,Key Laboratory of Microbial Strain Breeding of Liaoning Province,Chaoyang 122000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省微生物科学研究院,辽宁省微生物菌种选育重点实验室,朝阳122000

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2023年第5期592-599,共8页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：辽宁省科技重大专项(2019020171);辽宁省农科院土壤微生态学科建设项目(2019DD154522)。

摘　　要：为明确秸秆还田和氮肥供应对设施蔬菜土壤性质的影响,以夏秋茬设施番茄为研究对象,分析不同秸秆还田量和氮肥供应情况下设施番茄土壤0~20 cm土层土壤肥力和土壤氮素淋溶的变化。结果表明:秸秆还田和氮肥施用提高了土壤0~20 cm土层有机质、全氮、速效钾和速效磷含量;不同秸秆还田量均可以提高土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性;施加氮肥对土壤脲酶活性有显著影响,土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性差异不显著;秸秆还田和氮肥减施可以分别降低淋溶液铵态氮、硝态氮、全氮浓度和淋溶损失量,最高可降低全氮淋溶损失量31.44%和49.25%,氮肥减施可降低硝态氮淋溶损失量达56.65%;秸秆还田和低氮肥供应可以增加设施番茄的产量,氮肥过量会导致设施番茄减产。To clarify the effects of straw returning and nitrogen supply on soil properties of facility vegetables,taking summer and autumn stubble facility tomatoes as research objects,changes in soil fertility and nitrogen leaching in the 0-20 cm layer of soils were analyzed under different straw returning amount and nitrogen supply.The results showed that straw returning and nitrogen application increased the organic matter,total nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus in the 0-20 cm layer of soils.Urease,sucrase and catalase activities could be increased by different straw returning amount.Sucrase activity had a highly significant decrease after the application of nitrogen and there was no difference in catalase activity among treatment groups.The concentration and leaching losses of ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and total nitrogen could be lowered separately by straw returning and nitrogen reduction,by 31.44%and 49.25%.Nitrate nitrogen could be reduced by 56.65%by nitrogen reduction.Straw returning and low nitrogen supply could increase the yield of facility tomatoes,while excessive nitrogen led to yield reduction.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 氮肥 番茄 土壤肥力 氮素淋溶 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]