青贮饲喂面的有氧腐败与管理策略  

Aerobic deterioration and management of silage feedout face

作　　者：严旭[1,2] 左艳春[1,2] 王红林 吴子周 王强锋[3] 李杨 杜周和[1,2] YAN Xu;ZUO Yan-chun;WANG Hong-lin;WU Zi-zhou;WANG Qiang-feng;LI Yang;DU Zhou-he

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所饲用作物种质创新与利用南充市重点实验室,四川南充637000 [2]四川省农业科学院特种经济动植物研究所,四川南充637000 [3]四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所,四川成都610066 [4]绵阳师范学院城乡建设与规划学院,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第21期160-164,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：四川省农业科学院“1+9”揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目(项目编号:1+9KJGG008);四川省财政自主创新专项(项目编号:2022ZZCX086);四川省“十四五”农作物及畜禽育种攻关项目(项目编号:2021YFYZ0024-2);南充市重大科技专项(项目编号:2022ZDKJZX0001)。

摘　　要：青贮开封直至利用结束,青贮面部不断与外界环境发生着物质交换和能量流动。氧气是青贮饲料品质恶化的诱因,会促发一系列好氧微生物以高营养物质(如水溶性碳水化合物、乳酸)为食,导致青贮饲料干物质减少和能量损失,甚至产生真菌毒素。青贮面部无法避免氧化,但通过青贮面部的有效管理可以减少营养物质损失。文章介绍了发生在青贮面部的气体交换、发酵产物挥发和微生物活动,简述了青贮面部有氧腐败的发生条件,回顾了青贮面部的管理原则、取料速率、取料设备和饲喂原则等管理要点,在确保人员安全、保存营养、减少干物质损失和饲料安全等方面的作用,为青贮面部管理提供参考。From the opening of the silo to the end of its feeding,the silage face undergoes materials and energy flow with the external environment.Oxygen is the cause of the deterioration of silage quality.It promotes a series of aerobic microorganisms to eat high-nutrient substances(such as water-soluble sugars and lactic acid),which leads to a decrease in the dry matter and energy content of the silage,and may even result in the production of mycotoxins.The silage face is susceptible to oxidation,but effective management of the silage face can help preserve more nutrients for ruminants.The paper introduces the structural characteristics of silage,gas exchange,volatilization of fermentation ends,and microbial activities that occur on the silage face.It also describes the conditions that lead to aerobic deterioration on the silage face.Additionally,the paper reviews the role of silage face management,such as management principles,daily removal rate,silage remover,and feeding principles,in ensuring personnel safety,preserving nutrients and reducing dry matter losses,to provide a reference for implementing effective feed-out practices.

关 键 词：青贮面部 有氧腐败 管理策略 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]