植物毛状根应用的研究  

Advances on the application of hairy roots in plants

作　　者：王燕燕[1] 王丹[1] 崔馨文 于放[1] WANG Yanyan;WANG Dan;CUI Xinwen;YU Fang(School of Biological Engineering,Dalian Polytechnic University,Liaoning 116034,China)

机构地区：[1]大连工业大学生物工程学院,辽宁大连116034

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2023年第21期293-302,共10页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31970324);辽宁省教育厅基础研究项目(J2020042)。

摘　　要：发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)侵染植物后能够诱导植物产生大量高度分支的不定根,通常称为发根,即毛状根。某些植物可以直接通过毛状根实现植株的再生,由于毛状根诱导出的再生植株在基因水平上是稳定的,因此可以利用毛状根培养出具有优良性状的再生植物。毛状根具有生长快速、遗传性稳定、生物合成能力强等特点,在不添加外源激素的基础上也能自主生长,同时还能降低生产成本。通过改变培养条件,毛状根甚至可以合成高出原植物数倍的活性物质,而且部分植物能将活性物质外泌到培养基中。因此可以利用发根农杆菌介导植物建立毛状根体系,实现次生代谢物的工业化生产,以解决市场需求。近年来,毛状根也成功地被用作研究工具,筛选不同植物对药物、酚类、重金属等环境污染物的耐受性以及去除能力。该文主要从毛状根的应用方面进行综述,着重介绍其在再生植株、次生代谢产物生产(如萜类、酚类、生物碱)以及环境修复方面的应用,为后期深入研究毛状根的应用提供参考和依据。After the infection of Agrobacterium rhizogenes,a large number of highly branched adventitious roots are induced in plants,usually called hairy roots.Some plants can be directly regenerated by hairy roots,and since the regenerated plants induced by hairy roots are stable at the gene level,they can be used to cultivate regenerated plants with good traits.Hairy roots are characterized by rapid growth,stable heredity,and strong biosynthesis ability,it can also grow autonomously without the addition of exogenous hormones,thus reducing the cost.In addition,active substances that are many times higher than the original plant are synthesized in hairy roots when the culture conditions are changed.Therefore,the establishment of plant hairy root system mediated by A.rhizogenes is helpful to realize the industrial production of secondary metabolites,and finally meet the market demand.In recent years,hairy roots have also been successfully used to screen plants with different tolerance to and removal ability of environmental pollutants such as drugs,phenols,and heavy metals.In this review,the applications of hairy roots in secondary metabolic production(such as terpenoids,phenolic,alkaloids),plant regeneration and environmental remediation are reviewed.It provides reference and basis for the further research on hairy root application.

关 键 词：发根农杆菌 毛状根 再生植株 次生代谢产物生产 环境修复 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]