军政关系视角下当代中东地区军队干政问题  

Military Intervention of Politics in the Contemporary Middle East:A Prism of Civil-Military Relations

作　　者：马文媛 孙德刚 MA Wenyuan;SUN Degang(School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Fudan University;Center for Mid Eastern Studies,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433 [2]复旦大学中东研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2023年第4期70-88,159,共20页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“百年变局下中东治理的大国作用与影响研究”(22JJD810024)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：军政关系、军教关系和军民关系是当代中东军事政治学研究的三大领域。按军队与政治的互动形态,当前中东地区的军政关系可分为军政协调型、军政平衡型、军强政弱型、军弱政强型和军政碎片型五类,每种类型具有不同的特征与影响,但争夺权力是共性特征。中东地区军队干政表现为“军”与“政”两大集团之间的一组张力,其实质是权力博弈。军队干政的程度与范围因军政关系而异,既具有军事现代化背景下“军政分离、政在军上”的普遍性,也存在因军队干政而呈现的“军政互嵌”的特点;既因为政治制度、资源禀赋、历史传统和宗教文化差异性而呈现出多种形式,也在不同环境中不断调整与演变,朝着“文官掌军”和“军官掌政”双向发展。中东地区多国一系列军队干政的形态变迁表明,在中东国家军事现代化进程中,民主程序的推进、军人阶层的地位、军政权力博弈的态势以及社会民众的预期,是影响中东地区军队干政的重要因素。The civil-military relations,the military-religion relationshipandthe military-civilian relationship are the three branches of contemporary Middle East military politics studies.The military intervention of politics in the Middle East is a tension between the“military”and“political”groups,and its essence is the power game.It varies from place to place and from time to time.It not only has the separation of military and political affairs and the universality of politics in the military under the background of military modernization,but also has the characteristics of“military-politics interaction”resulting from military intervention in politics.Due to the differences in political systems,resource endowments,historical traditions,religions and cultures,it has taken on various forms,and has also been constantly adjusted and evolved in different environments,moving towards the two-way development of“civilian officials in charge of the army”and“military officers in charge of the government”.According to the degree of influence of military intervention,the current civil-military relations in the Middle East can be divided into five types:militarypolitical coordination,military-political balance,strong military but weak politics,weak military and strong politics,and military-politics fragmentation.Each type has different characteristics and influence,but the struggle for power is its common characteristic.A series of changes in the form of military intervention in the Middle East countries show that in the process of military modernization in the Middle East countries,the promotion of democracy,the status of the military strata,the situation of military and political power game and the expectations of the public are important research contents to understand the development trend of military intervention in the Middle East.

关 键 词：军队干政 军政关系 军事政变 军事政治学 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]