百年历史进程中的土耳其军政关系探析  

Researches on the Civil-Military Relation of Turkey During the Previous Century

作　　者：朱传忠[1] ZHU Chuanzhong(Humanity College,Henan University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学人文学院,洛阳471000

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2023年第4期89-111,159,160,共25页Arab World Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“新编中东国家通史(多卷本)”(LSYZD21021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：土耳其的军政关系在中东国家具有典型性,历史上曾四次成功地干预政治,在扮演了政治稳定器和监护作用之后,最终还政于文官政府,这是土耳其军政关系的独特之处。就现实图景和未来走向而言,正义与发展党政府实现了文官对军队的绝对控制,土耳其军政关系已经发生了完全的逆转。然而,我们必须辩证地看待该问题。一方面,土耳其军队干预政治的制度环境确实已经发生了变化,该国军政关系短期内发生逆转和军人干政的可能性不大。另一方面,若是考虑到历史惯性和路径依赖,土耳其军政关系的“钟摆现象”和动态平衡依然会存在。This article outlines the historical process and the reality of the Turkish civilmilitary relationship from the long-period perspective and analyses the reason,the process and the influence of the military interventions comprehensively.It generally suggested that there is the speciality of the Turkish civil-military relation compared to the other Middle Eastern countries.During the history of Turkish Republic,the military has intervened the politics successfully fourth times.After playing the role of guardian and the stabilization vehicle,the military would choose back to the barrack and return the regime to the civilians by imposing some control institutions.As to the reality and the future,indeed the civil absolute control of the military has been achieved and the relationship has been reversed completely during the ruling of AKP government.However,we should pay attention to this question dialectically.On the one hand,the institutional environment of the Turkish civil-military relation has been transformed,the military will not intervene into the civil politics in a short time.On the other hand,if considering the historical inertia and the path-dependence,the pendulum phenomenon and dynamic balance of the Turkish civil-military relation maybe remain in the future.

关 键 词：土耳其军政关系 历史进程 民主控制 钟摆现象 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]