中世纪晚期自然观转型中的康拉德《自然事物之书》  

Conrad of Megenberg’s Buch von den natürlichen Dingen in the Context of Late Medieval Transformation of the Concept of Nature

作　　者：蒋澈 JIANG Che(Department of the History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学科学史系,北京100084

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2023年第9期25-31,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“欧洲中世纪博物学文献研究与译注”(21CSS024)。

摘　　要：12至13世纪,西欧的自然观经历了巨大的变革:自然成为具有自治性的领域,人和自然之间也由此建立了一种平行关系。梅根伯格的康拉德用德语写作的百科全书文本《自然事物之书》体现了这种新的自然观。康拉德将这部著作视为一种自然哲学的简编,他试图通过文本结构重新表述人作为“小宇宙”与自然世界这一“大宇宙”的对应关系。为了完整地陈述两种宇宙的结构,康拉德利用中世纪经院学术中通行的“汇编”实践建立了自然哲学与自然志的沟通桥梁。康拉德的自然哲学工作因此同时是一种自然志;与此同时,百科全书也成为了最能适应他的自然哲学目标的文本类型。自然哲学与自然志的同盟关系是康拉德等中世纪晚期经院学者为近代德国自然哲学留下的思想遗产。From the 12th century to the 13th century,the conception of nature in Western Europe underwent a monumental transformation:nature became a domain with autonomy and a parallel was thus established between men and nature.Conrad of Megenberg's encyclopedic text,Buch von den natürlichen Dingen,exemplifies this new conception of nature.Conrad regarded this work as a compendium of natural philosophy in which he attempted to reformulate the correspondence between man as the microcosmos and the natural world as the macrocosmos by structuring the text.In order to give a complete account of the structure of both microcosmos and macrocosmos,Conrad used the scholastic practice of compilatio to bridge the gap between discourses of natural philosophy and natural history.Conrad's project of natural philosophy is thus one of natural history;and the encyclopedia becomes the genre most suited his philosophical agenda.The alliance between natural philosophy and natural history is the intellectual legacy that Conrad bequeathed to later German natural philosophy.

关 键 词：中世纪 自然哲学 自然志 梅根伯格的康拉德 《自然事物之书》 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]