中国离婚潮的变动轨迹与性别模式——经验数据中的理论逻辑  

The Changing Trajectory and Gender Patterns of China's Divorce Rate:Theoretical Logic in Empirical Data

作　　者：杨菊华 Yang Juhua

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学人口与民族发展研究中心,北京100081

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2023年第9期111-124,179,共15页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“人口规模巨大的现代化:时空特征、机遇挑战与路径机制研究”(23ZDA019)。

摘　　要：在中国从熟人社会到陌生人社会、从集体主义到个人主义转化的现代语境中,离婚率逐步升高,维持婚姻的稳定性从刚性需求演变为弹性选择。新中国经历了三次离婚潮,离婚是多重要素综合作用的结果,其中女性主导性逐渐变强。每次离婚潮都与当时的制度环境和社会结构密切相关,宏观层面的制度和结构要素改变了旧有的离婚制度,同时形成了依旧残留旧制度痕迹的新的离婚模式。其中,跨越式的现代化之路与传统性别制度的叠加,形塑出不利于“甲女丁男”的婚姻制度,“三低”男性和“三高”“两难”女性被排斥在婚姻市场之外,进而生成“再婚困境”。婚姻家庭研究需要进一步细分不愿再婚和难以再婚群体,辨识性别差异,洞悉经验数据中的理论逻辑。In the modern context of China's transition from acquaintance society to stranger society,and from collectivism to individualism,divorce behavior has become increasingly inclusive,and the divorce rate rise continuously.Maintaining the stability of marriage has evolved from a rigid demand to an elastic choice.After the establishment of the People's Republic of China,there were three waves of divorce,and divorce was the result of a combination of multiple factors,with female dominant factors becoming stronger.Every wave of divorce is closely related to the institutional environment and social structure at that time.Macroscopic institutional and structural elements have changed the old divorce system and formed a new divorce model that still retains traces of the old system.The overlapping of the leapfrog modernization path and the traditional gender system has shaped a marriage system that is not conducive to the marriage of “A female D male”,excluding both “three low” males and “three high” females who do not meet the traditional marriage norms from the marriage market,resulting in a “remarriage dilemma”.

关 键 词：离婚潮 离婚态 离婚率 性别差异 再婚困境 

分 类 号：D669.1[政治法律—政治学]