氮素水平对番茄开花坐果期遭遇短时高温后果实表现的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Level on Tomato Fruit Performance after Short-term High Temperature Stress during Flowering and Fruit Setting

作　　者：王灿月 杨再强[1,2] 罗靖 WANG Can-yue;YANG Zai-qiang;LUO Jing(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2023年第11期1032-1042,共11页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41975142)。

摘　　要：以‘凯撒’(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)番茄为试材,于2022年3-8月利用人工气候室在开花坐果期进行高温氮素控制实验,研究不同施氮水平对开花坐果期遭遇短时高温后番茄的坐果特性、幼果内源激素含量、果实外观品质和产量的影响,分析得到每个温度处理下能够有效缓解高温热害、提高果实品质和产量的最适施氮量,以期为明确高温环境下番茄的氮素调控提供依据。试验设置5个施氮水平,即N0(0.00g·株^(-1))、N1(3.55g·株^(-1))、N2(5.32g·株^(-1))、N3(7.09g·株^(-1))和N4(8.87g·株^(-1)),3个温度处理,日最高气温/日最低气温分别为T1(28℃/18℃)、T2(35℃/25℃)和T3(40℃/30℃),温度与氮素两个因素组合共15个处理,相对湿度设置为50%~80%,每日6:00-18:00光照强度为1000μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),其余时间光照强度为0μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。结果表明:(1)不施加氮肥时,开花坐果期番茄经高温处理后提前进入迅速坐果期,快速生长期时长明显缩短。施加不同水平的氮肥后,高温处理下进入迅速坐果期的时间明显延迟,快速生长期的时长随温度升高而缩短。(2)高温胁迫5d后番茄幼果中ZT和IAA含量下降,GA含量上升。施加适量氮肥可以提高高温胁迫后幼果中各内源激素的含量。(3)不施加氮肥时,开花坐果期遇短时高温后番茄果实品质下降、单株平均产量显著下降。施加适量氮肥有助于提高番茄在遭遇短时高温后的果实品质和产量,过量施加氮肥会导致果实品质和产量下降。开花坐果期番茄经T1、T2处理的最佳施氮量为3.55~5.32g·株^(-1),T3处理的最佳施氮量为3.55~7.09g·株^(-1)。To clarify how different contents of nitrogen effect the fruit performance after the short-term high temperature during the blossom and fruit period,taking tomato‘Kaisa’as the experimental material,the temperature-controlled experiment was conducted from March to August,2022 with the artificial climate chamber(PGC-FLEX,Canada).The fruit setting characteristics,endogenous hormone content of young fruit,fruit appearance quality and the yield of fruit were studied to comprehend the mechanism how different nitrogen levels effect tomato during the blossom and fruit period,and then find out the optimal content of nitrogen which can effectively alleviate the high temperature damage,improve the fruit quality and yield and give guidance for agricultural activities.Five nitrogen levels i.e.N0(0.00g×plant^(-1)),N1(3.55g×plant^(-1)),N2(5.32g×plant^(-1)),N3(7.09g×plant^(-1))and N4(8.87g×plant^(-1)),and 3 temperature treatments i.e.T1(the max.temperature/min.temperature is 28℃/18℃),T2(35℃/25℃)and T3(40℃/30℃)were set in this study.Fifteen treatments were performed with the combination of temperature and nitrogen.The relative humidity was set at 50%to 80%,and the light intensity was 1000μmol×m^(-2)×s^(-1) from 6:00 to 18:00 in the daytime,and 0μmol×m^(-2)·s^(-1) during the rest of the day.The results showed that:(1)with no nitrogen applied,the tomato stepped into the rapid fruiting period in advance after the high temperature stress,while the duration of rapid growth period was significantly shortened.With different nitrogen levels applied,the advent of the rapid fruiting period after the high temperature stress was significantly delayed,while the duration of rapid growth period shortened with the increase of temperature.(2)After exerting 5-day-long high temperature,the content of ZT and IAA in tomato young fruit decreased,while the content of GA increased.Appropriate nitrogen level could increase the contents of endogenous hormones(3)With no nitrogen applied,the quality of tomato fruit decreased signi

关 键 词：高温胁迫 氮素 番茄 坐果特性 内源激素 果实外观品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]