生物多样性主流化:基于生态文明经济学的阐释  

Mainstreaming Biodiversity:An Explanation and Elaboration of Economics of Eco-civilization

作　　者：郑艳[1,2] 潘家华[1,3,4] ZHENG Yan;PAN Jiahua

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院 [2]中国社会科学院生态文明研究所 [3]中国社会科学院学部 [4]北京工业大学生态文明研究院

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2023年第6期45-58,169,共15页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：中国社会科学院国家高端智库基础研究项目“应对气候变化与生物多样性保护协同机制研究”(GDZK-2021-007)。

摘　　要：生物多样性主流化是《生物多样性公约》确立的战略目标和重要原则,主流化不足是各国难以遏制生物多样性丧失趋势的主要原因。生物多样性主流化就是重视生物多样性议题,恢复其在社会经济治理中应有的位置。中国的生物多样性主流化以习近平生态文明思想为理念指导,走出了一条中国特色的保护之路,同时仍存在一些问题。生物多样性主流化面临产权和代理人、保护资金机制与惠益共享、价值认知与测度等矛盾。本质上,保护生物多样性是一个抗解问题,根植于中国历史和实践的生态文明经济学应成为生物多样性主流化的新范式。生态文明范式的主流化要求生物多样性目标融入社会经济系统的方方面面,促进工业经济向生态经济转型、物质消费文化向生态文化转型。要解决“公地悲剧”问题,必须将生物多样性福祉纳入社会福利函数;拓展消费者的效用函数,可以为生物多样性设立自然代理人,以“生态文明人”为目标,改变消费偏好,促进生态公共产品需求可持续增长;划定生物多样性红线,有助于科学设定保护的边界与规模,严守生态空间,强化阈值约束。Mainstreaming biodiversity is a strategic goal and essential principle established by the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),with the inadequacy of mainstreaming being a significant barrier to curbing the loss of biodiversity worldwide.Biodiversity mainstreaming entails prioritizing biodiversity issues and restoring their rightful place in socio-economic governance.In China,mainstreaming biodiversity is guided by Xi Jinping's ecological civilization ideology,leading to a unique path of conservation characterized by Chinese characteristics,albeit with some challenges.Biodiversity mainstreaming grapples with paradoxes related to property rights and agency,conservation financing mechanisms and benefit-sharing,value perceptions,and measurement.Essentially,biodiversity conservation is a wicked problem rooted in China's history and practice,with ecological economics inherent in the fabric of the society serving as a new paradigm for biodiversity mainstreaming.The mainstreaming of the ecological civilization paradigm requires the integration of biodiversity goals into all aspects of the socio-economic system,facilitating the transition from industrial to ecological economics and material consumption culture to an ecological culture.To address the“tragedy of the commons,”biodiversity well-being must be incorporated into social welfare functions.Expanding consumer utility functions can involve establishing natural agents for biodiversity,with the goal of nurturing“ecological civilization citizens”to alter consumption preferences and promote sustainable growth in the demand for ecological public goods.Defining biodiversity red lines aids in scientifically setting boundaries and scales for protection,rigorously safeguarding ecological spaces,and reinforcing threshold constraints.

关 键 词：生物多样性 主流化 抗解问题 生态文明经济学 生命共同体 生态经济 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]