更严格排放标准下我国城市污水处理厂提标改造进展  

Progress of Upgrading and Reconstruction for Urban WWTPs under Stricter Discharge Standards at Home

作　　者：马耀宗 武海霞 孟庆宇 李硕 卢忆 MA Yaozong;WU Haixia;MENG Qingyu;LI Shuo;LU Yi(College of Urban Construction,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学城市建设学院,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《净水技术》2023年第11期37-48,126,共13页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2022DC0280)。

摘　　要：为提升水环境质量,我国各地陆续出台了当地污水处理排放标准,主要污染物的排放限值接近《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中的Ⅳ类甚至Ⅲ类标准,使得现有城市污水处理厂在“碳中和”“碳达峰”背景下的提标改造面临巨大的挑战。文中统计分析了近40年我国城市污水年排放量、污水年处理量与城市污水处理厂的发展,通过国家和地方排放标准的对比,提出污水处理厂需要选择合适的工艺路线减少有机污染物、氮和磷排放量。通过研究重点流域污水处理厂的提标改造实例,得出以下结论:减少COD排放工艺改造包括增加预处理、调整生化处理和增加深度处理;减少氮排放以改造生化处理为主;减少磷排放可通过改造生化处理与增设深度处理工艺来实现。污水处理厂应从节能降耗角度来进行工艺改造,为新一轮的提标改造提供了借鉴与参考。To improve the quality of water environment,some cities have developed and implemented the new wastewater discharge standards for the local urban wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).The discharge limits of major pollutants are close to the class IV or even class III standards in Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838—2002).Therefore,under the target background of the"carbon neutralization"and"carbon peak",there are great challenges of the upgrading and reconstruction which the urban WWTPs will be faced.The annual discharge of urban wastewater,the annual capacity of wastewater treatment and the development of urban WWTPs at home are statistically analyzed in recent forty years.Through the comparison of national and local discharge standards,the urban WWTPs need to choose appropriate processes to reduce the discharge of organic pollutants,nitrogen and phosphorus.By studying the upgrading and reconstruction projects of some WWTPs in the key river basins,it is proposed that the reconstruction of COD reduction processes includes increasing pretreatment,adjusting biochemical treatment and increasing advanced treatments.The reduction of nitrogen discharge is mainly based on the reconstruction of biochemical treatment,and the reduction of phosphorus discharge is by the reforming biochemical treatment and adding advanced treatment process.Saving energy and reducing energy consumption is an important development direction in the reconstruction of the WWTPs.This paper provides a reference for the new round of upgrading and reconstruction.

关 键 词：污水排放标准 提标改造 城市污水处理厂 污水处理工艺 有机污染物 氮磷 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]