美国极化政治中的堕胎权与最高法院——基于多布斯案的批判性考察  

The Right to Abortion and the Supreme Court in American Polarized Politics:A Critical Study Based on Dobbs v.Jackson Women's Health Organization

作　　者：王丽琼 田雷[2] Wang Liqiong;Tian Lei

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院 [2]华东师范大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2023年第6期126-136,共11页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：2022年6月24日,美国最高法院判决了轰动全美乃至全球的多布斯案。在该案中,美国最高法院推翻了赋予女性堕胎权的罗伊案先例,剥夺了女性享有的堕胎权并将堕胎的规制权重新交还各州。尽管美国最高法院多次重申其推翻罗伊案、否定堕胎权完全符合“文本、历史和先例”这一美国宪法的决策过程,但法律话语无法掩盖多布斯案背后美国共和党和民主党间围绕着堕胎权的政治斗争及其间愈来愈极化的党派政治,亦无法掩盖美国最高法院保守派大法官以司法案例贯彻共和党政治策略之实。此外,多布斯案作为一个完全政治化的判决,不仅使美国的堕胎权争议步入了更为激烈和极化的多布斯时代,而且超越政治领域给美国的公共和私人生活造成了诸多恶劣影响。Dobbs v.Jackson Women's Health Organization,decided on June 24,2022 by the U.S.Supreme Court,has caused a stir in America and around the world.In Dobbs,the Court overturned Roe,a precedent which conferred pregnant women a right to abortion,deprived of women's abortion right and returned the authority to regulate abortion to States.Though,the Court has repeatedly claimed its ruling corresponds with American constitutional decision-making process of“Constitution,constitutional history and precedent”,legal rhetoric cannot cover up political conflict between U.S.Democratic Party and Republican Party over abortion right behind Dobbs,increasingly polarized partisan politics of the two parties,and the fact that conservative Justices use case to implement Republican political policy.Moreover,as a completely political judgment,Dobbs not only makes American abortion right more controversial and polarized but also has a lot of bad effects on American public and private life.

关 键 词：堕胎权 美国联邦最高法院 批判叙事 美国政党政治 美国女性 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD916.2