新时期大学生“就业难”问题的表征、成因与消解  

Embodiment,cause and solution of“Difficult Employment”of college and university students in the New Period

作　　者：杨惠[1] 牛志刚 YANG Hui;NIU Zhigang(College of Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院化学化工学院,江苏常州213001

出　　处：《江苏理工学院学报》2023年第5期115-122,共8页Journal of Jiangsu University of Technology

基　　金：2020年江苏理工学院教学与改革研究项目“面向新就业形态的大学生生涯规划课程设计研究”(11610412038);2021年江苏省高校毕业生就业创业研究课题“新就业形态下高校就业指导知识体系更新机制研究”(JCKT-B-20210801);2023年江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目“新时期高校就业工作精准育人机制研究”(2023SJSZ0679)。

摘　　要：新时期大学生“就业难”问题表征为经济环境变化带来的“岗位适配难”、人才需求供给错位带来的“能力匹配难”和职业角色落差带来的“信念转型难”。以后现代生涯理论分析大学生“就业难”现象,其成因包括生涯混沌理论视角下的岗位适配之“难”、无边界生涯理论视角下的能力匹配之“难”、生涯建构理论视角下的信念转型之“难”。以后现代理论消解大学生“就业难”问题,需要解决生涯教育定位问题、生涯教育认知问题和生涯教育实践问题,具体策略包括整合生涯教育资源、调整生涯教育理念、重构生涯实践体系。In the new era,the problem of“Difficult Employment”of college and university students is characterized by the“Difficulty in Job Adaptation”caused by changes in the economic environment,the“Difficulty in Ability Matching”caused by the mismatch in talent demand and supply,and the“Difficulty in Belief Transformation”caused by the gap in professional roles.The phenomenon of“Difficult Employment”of college and university students analyzed by modern career theory includes the“Difficulty”of job adaptation from the perspective of career chaos theory,the“Difficulty”of ability matching from the perspective of borderless career theory,and the“Difficulty”of belief transformation from the perspective of career construction theory.In order to solve the problem of“Difficult Employment”of college and university students,it is necessary to address the positioning,cognitive and educational practice of career education.Specific strategies include integrating career education resources,adjusting career education concepts,and reconstructing career practice systems.

关 键 词：大学生就业 后现代生涯理论 生涯混沌理论 生涯建构理论 无边界生涯理论 

分 类 号：G641[文化科学—高等教育学]