生物质材料炭化的研究进展及其应用展望  

Research progress and application prospects of the carbonization of biomass materials

作　　者：田学坤 王霞 苏凯 欧阳德泽 赵振毅 刘新红[1,2] TIAN Xuekun;WANG Xia;SU Kai;OUYANG Deze;ZHAO Zhenyi;LIU Xinhong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Henan Key Laboratory of High Temperature Functional Ceramics,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,China;Zhengzhou Century Park,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学材料科学与工程学院,郑州450001 [2]郑州大学河南省高温功能材料重点实验室,郑州450052 [3]郑州市世纪公园,郑州450000

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2023年第12期2026-2036,共11页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51872266,52172031)。

摘　　要：生物质属于可再生资源,在我国含量丰富,生物质材料炭化后的产物在储能、吸附等领域得到了广泛应用.研究生物质材料的炭化过程,有利于生物质炭的有效利用.总结了生物质材料炭化过程中,生物质的种类和炭化条件(包括炭化温度、预处理等)对炭化产物中碳的结构、形态、性质的影响,期望为生物质炭化产物的有效利用提供理论基础.同时总结了在催化剂作用下,利用生物质材料炭化来制备碳纳米管,并分析了生物质材料中木质素和纤维素等组分对碳纳米管制备的影响.在此基础上,展望了生物质材料在含碳耐火材料中的应用前景,以期为制备低成本和高性能的新型含碳耐火材料提供思路.Biomass is a renewable energy resource with rich content in China.The products of the carbonization of biomass materials have been widely used in energy storage,adsorption materials,and other fields.Studying the carbonization process of biomass materials is crucial for the efficient use of biochar.This article summarizes the effects of biomass types and carbonization conditions(such as carbonization temperature and pretreatment)on the structure,morphology,and properties of carbon in carbonization products.The aim is to provide a theoretical foundation for the effective use of biomass carbonization products.Various biomass materials and biochar can be prepared after treatment.The contents of cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,and ash in different types of biomass materials vary greatly,and the carbon content,carbon structure,morphology,and properties of the products after carbonization differ.Therefore,selecting appropriate biomass materials based on usage requirements is essential.The carbonization temperature of biomass materials plays an important role in the pyrolysis of biomass.As the carbonization temperature increases,cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin gradually decompose into gases with small molecules.Furthermore,as the carbonization temperature continues to increase,the internal structure of biomass carbon continues to rearrange,forming a dense aromatic carbon network plane of macromolecules,which increases the graphitization degree of biomass carbon.Additionally,the temperature greatly affects the structure and amount of the products of biomass carbonization.The activation of biomass materials further enhances the specific surface area and adjusts the pore structure of biomass carbon.Chemical activators such as acids,alkalis,and salts are commonly used and have their own advantages and disadvantages.Appropriate activators should be selected by a comprehensive consideration of usage requirements to activate the biomass.This article summarizes the preparation of carbon nanotubes by the carbonization of biomas

关 键 词：生物质材料 生物质炭 炭化条件 碳纳米管 含碳耐火材料 

分 类 号：TQ175[化学工程—硅酸盐工业]