中国古代瓷用窑具的分类研究  

Research on the Classification of Porcelain Kiln Furniture in Ancient China

作　　者：桑月侠 郑乃章 陈猛 吴军明 SANG Yuexia;ZHENG Naizhang;CHEN Meng;WU Junming(Jingdezhen University,Jingdezhen 333000,China;Jingdezhen Ceramic University,Jingdezhen 333001,China)

机构地区：[1]景德镇学院,景德镇333000 [2]景德镇陶瓷大学,景德镇333001

出　　处：《中国陶瓷》2023年第10期70-78,共9页China Ceramics

基　　金：江西省教育厅科技项目“古代匣钵高温性能研究及对窑炉烧结温度的评价”(GJJ2202419);教育部人文社会科学项目“繁昌窑青白瓷研究”(20YJA760028)。

摘　　要：窑具是我国古代陶瓷手工业生产过程中遗留下来的主要遗存,其作为主要的生产工具蕴涵着丰富的历史信息,反映了当时陶瓷业发展技术水平,具有极高的研究价值。本文通过查阅我国新中国成立以来古代陶瓷窑址相关发掘报告,对古窑址出土的主要窑具在不同地区和不同时代分布状况进行分析研究。研究结果表明:匣具不仅具有垫烧具的增加装窑率和支烧具的提高窑位的双重机能,还具有保护器物不受火焰、气氛、落渣损伤的功能;匣具在地区分布和使用时代上超越了垫烧具和支烧具成为我国古代窑址中的典型窑具,对于匣具的进一步研究有助于更深入了解古代陶瓷器物的装烧方式以及窑具的演变规律,具有极高的科学史意义。Kiln furniture is the main remains from the handicrafts ceramic production process in ancient China.As the main production tool,it contains rich historical information,which reflects the technological level of the ceramic industry at that time,and has extremely high research values.This article analyzes and studies the distributions of the main kiln furniture unearthed from the ancient kiln sites in different regions and different eras by consulting the relevant excavation reports of ancient ceramic kiln sites since the founding of our country.The research results show that the kiln furniture not only has the dual functions of increasing the kiln loading rate of the pad burning tools and increasing the kiln position of the burning tools,but also protects the utensils from flame,atmosphere and slag damage.The results also show the kiln furniture is distributed widely in the regions and times of use,which has surpassed the pad burning tools and the supporting burning tools to rise to the typical kiln furniture in ancient kiln sites.Further research will help to have a deeper understanding of the the loading and firing techniques of ancient ceramics and the evolution of kiln furniture with high significance in the science history.

关 键 词：古窑址 主要窑具 典型匣具 统计分析 

分 类 号：TQ174.653.8[化学工程—陶瓷工业] K873[化学工程—硅酸盐工业]