适用于极端环境的环控生保热试验设备研制  

Development of an Environmental Control and Life Support System Thermal Test Equipment for Extreme Environment

作　　者：冯红旗[1] 李森 杨润泽[1] 武越[2] 孙娟[2] FENG Hong-qi;LI Sen;YANG Run-ze;WU Yue;SUN Juan(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [2]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《真空》2023年第5期86-91,共6页Vacuum

基　　金：中国载人航天工程基金资助项目。

摘　　要：为满足环控生保系统真空热试验期间氢气、甲烷和CO_(2)等废气排放,以及CO_(2)气体注入的需求,研制了一种热试验设备。该设备采用加热带加热和多层隔热材料保温相结合的方案使管路温度保持在20℃以上,解决了极端低温下氢气和甲烷中水蒸气冷凝、CO_(2)气体结冰的管路堵塞问题;采用掺混高纯氮气的方案将甲烷气体的浓度降至3.6%以内,低于4.4%的爆炸阈值,解决了甲烷真空排放的安全问题。经真空热试验考核,所研制的热试验设备运行稳定,工作性能满足研制要求。A special equipment is developed to meet the emission requirements of hydrogen,methane and carbon dioxide wastes and the injection requirements of carbon dioxide into the sealed chamber during the thermal vacuum tests of the environmental control and life support system(ECLSS)of a spacecraft.The equipment adopts a scheme which combines the electric heating belt and the multi-layer insulation materials to keep the pipeline temperature above 12℃.The scheme solves the problem of hydrogen and methane condensation in extreme low temperature conditions and avoids risks of pipe blocking due to carbon dioxide freezing.The scheme also improves the safety level during methane emission via mixing the highly pure nitrogen into methane,solving the safety issue for the emitting methane into vacuum space,since the concentration of methane decreases to within 3.6%,lower than its blasting threshold of 4.4%.Eventually,the stability and the fulfillment of the requirements of the equipment are verified by the practical thermal vacuum tests.

关 键 词：氢气排放 甲烷排放 CO_(2)气体注入 绝缘加热带 多层隔热材料 

分 类 号：TB79[一般工业技术—真空技术]