从李冰到文翁:东周秦汉时期中原文明对蜀地的“教化”  

From Li Bing to Wen Weng:The Enlightenment of the Central Plains Civilization to Shu Region during the Eastern Zhou,Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：王子今 Wang Zijin

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2023年第3期81-97,共17页Chinese Culture Research

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大研究专项(“兰台学术计划”)“中华文明起源与历史文化研究专题”委托项目“中华文化基因的渊源与演进”(20@WTC004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自秦惠文王时占有蜀地,秦文化在蜀地的扩张经历了军事征服、水利经营、移民开发三个阶段的努力。蜀人对秦文化实现基本的认同,秦人对蜀地风习克服排异,这一文化史进程,完成了蜀地“染秦化”的步骤。“汉并天下”后,与儒学的西渐同时,中原文化对蜀地的“教化”有突出的成效。文翁“选郡县小吏开敏有材者”“亲自饬厉,遣诣京师,受业博士,或学律令”。数年后,“蜀生皆成就还归”,担任地方“右职”。此后“蜀地学于京师者比齐鲁焉”。文翁“又修起学官于成都市中”。汉武帝建设太学之外,于郡国皆设“学校官”。文翁是郡国设立官学的首倡者。蜀地于是改变了“辟陋有蛮夷风”的情形,实现了与文化重心地方的空前接近,史称“大化”。Since King Huiwen of Qin occupied the domain of Shu,the expansion of Qin culture in Shu experienced three stages of military conquest,water conservancy operations,and immigration and development.The people of Shu identified with Qin culture to a basic extent,and the people of Qin overcame the rejection of the Shu’s customs,which completed the step of“Qinization”in Shu.After the unification in the Han Dynasty,along with the western spread of Confucianism,the central plains culture had a prominent effect on the“enlightenment”of Shu.Wen Weng selected talented and capable individuals from county officials and personally trained and sent them to the capital,where they received education from doctors or studied laws and regulations.After several years,the Shu natives returned after achieving success and took up positions in local government.After that,more people from Shu studied in the capital than that from Qi and Lu.Wen Weng also established a school in Chengdu.Besides building the Imperial Academy,Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty established“school officials”in each commandery.Wen Weng was the pioneer of eatablishing official schools in commanderies.Therefore,the situation of“barbaric customs and practices”in Shu changed,achieving an unprecedented approach to the cultural center,which was called“great transformation”in history.

关 键 词：战国 秦汉 李冰 文翁 京师 郡学 大化 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]