WTO反补贴中“公共机构”的认定及中国对策——以DS379案为视角  

The Determination of Public Body'in WTO Countervailing Measures and China's Countermeasures:The DS379 Case as a Perspective

作　　者：杨靖瑶 Yang Jingyao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2023年第10期96-105,127,共11页Macroeconomics

摘　　要：根据《SCM协议》,“公共机构”的认定是WTO反补贴调查中的关键一步。在DS379案中,专家组和上诉机构主张从“政府控制论”转变为“政府权力论”,并确立了结合各国经济特征进行个案分析的原则,但对于“公共机构”的认定尚未形成具象化的体系标准。本文旨在通过案例分析,明确WTO关于“公共机构”认定标准及其发展过程,结合美国的做法及中国《商业银行法》和《公司法》,分析了中国国有商业银行的市场运作和独立性。考虑到中美在经济理念上的差异,本文为中国国有企业纳入WTO体系,并维护多边贸易体系提出了有针对性的建议。Under the SCM Agreement,the determination of‘public body’is a key step in WTO countervailing investigations.In DS379,the Panel and the Appellate Body advocated a shift from the‘government control theory’to the‘gov⁃ernment power theory’and established the principle of case-by-case analysis in light of the economic characteristics of each country,but no systematic criteria have been crystallized for the determination of‘public body’.The purpose of this article is to clarify the WTO’s criteria for the identification of‘public body’and its development process through case analysis,and to analyze the market operation and independence of China’s state-owned commercial banks in light of the U.S.practice and China’s Commercial Bank Law and Company Law.Considering the differences in economic concepts between China and the United States,this article puts forward targeted suggestions for the integration of Chinese state-owned enterprises into the WTO system and the maintenance of the multilateral trading system.

关 键 词：WTO SCM协议 公共机构 

分 类 号：F741[经济管理—国际贸易] F752.7[经济管理—产业经济]