社会心理语言学视域下言者个体与群体身份的编码和解码  

Encoding and Decoding Mechanisms for Speakers'Individual and Group Identities:A Social Psycholinguistics Perspective

作　　者：陈文均 胡砚冰 蒋晓鸣 CHEN Wenjun;HU Yanbing;JIANG Xiaoming(Institute of Linguistics,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 201620,China;Key Laboratory of Language Science and Multilingual Intelligence Applications,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学语言研究院,上海201620 [2]上海外国语大学语言科学与多语智能应用重点总实验室,上海201620

出　　处：《外国语》2023年第4期68-81,共14页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(2018BYY019);上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“曙光计划”(20SG31);上海市自然科学基金面上项目(22ZR1460200);上海外国语大学第五届“导师学术引领计划项目”(2022113001)。

摘　　要：言语交流中,听者如何快速有效地感知言者的身份和个性是社会心理语言学的重要问题。关注言者间身份变异解码的传统研究发现听者区分言者间身份的正确率受听者音系知识及言者基频和声道长度的影响。新近研究发现,言者会因交际意图变化而调整发声策略(语言结构、语言风格和发声生理基础),听者能通过适应言者内部的变异进而识别言者身份。本文回顾了音系规则对身份编码的特殊制约,梳理底层声学参数如何表征言者间及内部身份变异进而影响言者身份感知;在引入内/外群体概念后,进一步探讨言者在群体身份渗透意图下会采用不同发声策略这一现象如何支持交际调节理论。基于以上提出言语互动场景下的言者身份编码及解码模型,并展望三个研究方向。How listeners quickly and effectively perceive speakers'identity and personality in verbal communication remains a widely researched topic for social psycholinguistics.Traditional research focusing on the perception of between-speaker identity variation reported that the correct rate for between-speaker differentiation is subject to listeners'phonological knowledge and speakers'Fundamental Frequency(FO)and Vocal Tract Length(VTL).Recent research has found that speakers modulate their vocalisation strategies(language structure,language style and physiological basis of vocalisation)according to their changing communicative intentions,whereas listeners could adapt to within-speaker variations and recognise speakers'identities.This article reviews the unique constraints on speaker identity encoding imposed by phonological rules and unpacks how underlying acoustic parameters characterise within-and between-speaker identity variations that influence speaker identity perception.It further introduces the concept of in-/out-group and explores how the phenomenon where speakers would adopt varied vocalisation strategies when motivated by group identity permutation intentions supports the Communication Accommodation Theory(CAT).Based on such,it proposes Speaker Identity Encoding and Decoding Model for Verbal Interaction Scenarios and calls for future research in three directions.

关 键 词：言者身份 嗓音表情 交际意图 社会分组 社会心理语言学 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]