中国工程机械二氧化碳和污染物排放现状评估  

Status Assessment of Carbon Dioxide and Pollutant Emissions of Construction Machineries in China

作　　者：黄志辉[1] 何卓识[1] 纪亮[1] 王运静[1] 王宏丽[1] 王军方[1] 尹航[1] 丁焰[1] HUANG Zhihui;HE Zhuoshi;JI Liang;WANG Yunjing;WANG Hongli;WANG Junfang;YIN Hang;DING Yan(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第11期2108-2117,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(No.2022YSKY-12)。

摘　　要：国内工程机械保有量长期缺乏官方统计数据,导致计算机械排放量时缺少官方数据来源.为掌握我国工程机械保有和排放情况,本研究通过构建基于存活曲线的保有量获取方法以及基于工作时间的工程机械CO_(2)和污染物排放计算方法,开展我国工程机械污碳融合清单研究,利用本地化的工作时间和排放因子,评估分析了2015−2022年我国工程机械CO_(2)和污染物排放变化趋势和主要驱动因素.结果表明:①工程机械CO_(2)排放因子与机械功率段存在一定关系,我国机械CO_(2)排放因子与欧洲单位功率油耗换算确定的结果接近,是国六阶段重型货车排放因子的120%~133%.②基于美国NONROAD曲线并结合我国调查的中值寿命和销量数据,利用本地化排放系数,计算得到2022年我国工程机械CO_(2)、NO_(x)、PM的排放量分别为1.52×108、141.18×10^(4)、7.16×10^(4)t,其中NO_(x)和PM排放量与生态环境部发布的《中国移动源环境管理年报(2022年)》数据差异较小;扣减叉车后的工程机械保有量分别为汽车的1%、重型货车的32%,其CO_(2)、NO_(x)、PM排放量分别为汽车的13%、20%、109%,为重型货车的34%、26%、211%,说明工程机械减污降碳潜力较大.③从机械类型看,叉车、挖掘机、装载机是工程机械保有量和排放量的主要贡献者;从区域看,山东省、江苏省、河南省、广东省、浙江省等地区工程排放总量相对较高.④2015−2022年,我国工程机械保有量以及CO_(2)、NO_(x)、PM排放量分别增长6.7%、2.6%、−3.6%、−3.5%,工程机械CO_(2)和污染物排放量得到初步遏制;非道路移动机械排放标准实施对NO_(x)、PM减排贡献显著,淘汰方案的变化对CO_(2)排放贡献显著;新能源机械推广对CO_(2)、NO_(x)、PM减排有一定的贡献.研究显示,基于存活曲线的保有量获取方法可以有效解决工程机械保有量缺少官方统计数据的问题;工程机械污碳融合清单的�The long-term lack of official statistical date on the ownership of domestic construction machinery has led to a lack of official data sources when calculating mechanical emissions.In understand the ownership and emissions of construction machineries in China,a method for estimating the construction machinery ownership based on survival curves and a method for calculating the carbon dioxide and pollutant emissions of construction machineries based on working hours were established in this study,filling the research gap in construction machinery carbon and pollution emissions inventory of China.By using localized working hours and emission factors,the change trend and main driving factors of carbon dioxide and pollutant emissions from construction machinery from 2015 to 2022 were evaluated,providing data support for national and local mobile source environmental management.The results show that:(1)The CO_(2)emission factors of construction machinery were related to the power range,and the factors are close to the conversion results of unit power fuel consumption in Europe,and are 120%-133%of the heavy duty trucks in the sixth stage in China.(2)Based on the NONROAD curve in the United States and median lifespan and sales data from domestic surveys,using localized emission coefficients,the emissions of CO_(2),NO_(x)and PM from construction machinery in China in 2022 were calculated to be 1.52×10^(8),141.18×10^(4),7.16×10^(4) t,respectively,with small differences in NO_(x)and PM emissions compared to the data in the China Mobile Source Environmental Management Annual Report(2022)released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.After deducting forklifts,the ownership of construction machinery is 1%of that of automobiles and 32%of that of heavy-duty trucks,respectively.Its CO_(2),NO_(x)and PM emissions are 13%,20%,109%of those of automobiles,and 34%,26%,211%of those of heavy-duty trucks,respectively,indicating that construction machinery has great potential for pollution reduction and carbon reduction.(3)Forklift

关 键 词：工程机械 二氧化碳(CO_(2))排放因子 污碳融合清单 措施效果评估 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]