配方施肥对设施‘87-1’葡萄植株矿质元素含量及果实品质的影响  

Effects of formula fertilizers on mineral elements content and fruit quality in facility‘87-1’grape

作　　者：王小龙 史祥宾[1,2,3] 王志强 王宝亮[1,2,3] 冀晓昊 张艺灿[1,2,3] 刘畅 王海波[1,2,3] WANG Xiao-long;SHI Xiang-bin;WANG Zhi-qiang;WANG Bao-liang;JI Xiao-hao;ZHANG Yi-can;LIU Chang;WANG Hai-bo(Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng Liaoning 125100;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xingcheng Liaoning 125100;Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree,Liaoning Province,Xingcheng Liaoning 125100)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [2]农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [3]辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第8期152-160,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(nycytx-30-zp);中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：为制定基于品质指数的最佳理论施肥方案及营养诊断标准,研究了不同施肥配比和植株矿质元素变化动态与品质形成的关系。以设施‘87-1’葡萄为试材,连续多年进行5416配方施肥试验,测定植株矿质元素含量及果实品质,并对其进行Topsis综合评价,计算品质指数。研究矿质元素含量与品质指数的相关性,确定营养诊断因子。应用非完全正交方差分析法和组分营养诊断法分别制定最佳综合品质的施肥方案及营养诊断标准。研究结果表明,单粒重在各处理条件下的分布范围是4.3~5.0 g。T10处理的可溶性固形物含量最高,为18.5%。T3处理的果实硬度最高,为471.9 g。T3处理的品质指数最高,为0.6071;除T6、T8、T14、T16处理外,其他处理品质指数均高于T1处理,增幅为1.8%~33.4%。成熟期果实N、成熟期叶柄P、成熟期叶柄K、成熟期叶片Ca、转色期叶柄Mg被选作为营养诊断因子。高优园矿质元素含量适宜范围为N 1.0~2.4 mg/g、P 1.0~3.0 mg/g、K 4.0~10.4 mg/g、Ca 2.9~9.6 mg/g、Mg 0.6~9.7 mg/g,低优园的需肥顺序为K>Ca>N>Mg>P,其中K和Ca元素含量表现偏低,其他元素含量充足。当单粒重、可溶性固形物、硬度和品质指数达到最佳时,每公顷的建议施肥总量分别为736.5、1332.0、788.3和1430.3 kg。在本试验条件下,品质指数达到最佳时的元素N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg理论配比为3∶3∶4∶3∶2,其N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O、CaO、MgO施肥量分别为375.0、141.0、506.3、337.5、70.5 kg/hm^(2)。To formulate the optimal theoretical fertilization scheme and nutritional diagnostic criteria based on quality index,the relationship between different fertilization ratios,changes of plant mineral elements and quality formation were explored.Taken the‘87-1’grape in facility as the research object,the 5416 formula fertilizer experiment was carried out continuously to determine the mineral elements content and fruit quality of the plants,and a comprehensive Topsis evaluation was conducted and the quality index was calculated.The correlation between mineral element content and quality index was studied to determine nutritional diagnostic factors.The best comprehensive quality fertilization scheme and nutritional diagnostic criteria were established by using incomplete orthogonal analysis of variance and compositional nutrient diagnosis,respectively.The distribution range of single grain weight was 4.3-5.0 g.The total soluble solid content of T10 treatment was the highest,was 18.5%.The fruit firmness and quality index of T3 treatment were the highest,were 471.9 g and 0.6071,respectively.Except for T6,T8,T14 and T16 treatments,the quality index of other treatments were higher than that of T1 treatment,and the increase was 1.8%-33.4%.Fruit N,petiole P,petiole K and leaf Ca at maturation stage,and petiole Mg at veraison stage were selected as nutritional diagnostic factors.The suitable ranges of mineral element content in high-quality index were:N 1.0-2.4 mg/g,P 1.0-3.0 mg/g,K 4.0-10.4 mg/g,Ca 2.9-9.6 mg/g,Mg 0.6-9.7 mg/g,the order of fertilizer requirement in low-quality index was K>Ca>N>Mg>P,in which the contents of K and Ca were relatively low,and the contents of other elements were sufficient.To reach the best single-grain weight,soluble solids,hardness and quality index,the recommended total amount of fertilization per hectare were 736.5,1332.0,788.3 and 1430.0 kg,respectively.Under the test conditions,the theoretical ratio of N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg when the quality index reaches the best was 3∶3∶4∶3∶2,an

关 键 词：设施栽培 ‘87-1’葡萄 矿质元素 果实品质 品质指数 营养诊断 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]