耕地坡度对川中丘区玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of gradients on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency in slop cropland of central Sichuan basin

作　　者：郭松[1] 周子军 何明江 陈琨[1] 彭全强 黄耀蓉 钱建民 秦鱼生[1] GUO Song;ZHOU Zi-jun;HE Ming-jiang;CHEN Kun;PENG Quan-qiang;HUANG Yao-rong;QIAN Jian-min;QIN Yu-sheng(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610066;Lezhi Agricultural and rural Bureau,Soil and Fertilizer Station,Ziyang Sichuan 641503;General Station of Arable Soil Quality and Fertilizer of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Sichuan 610045)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,四川成都610066 [2]乐至县农业农村局土肥站,四川资阳641503 [3]四川省耕地质量与肥料工作总站,四川成都610045

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第8期177-183,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：四川省科技计划(2020YFH0171);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200700);四川省农业科学院人才基金(2020BJRC005);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川创新团队。

摘　　要：明确川中丘陵区坡耕地坡度对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响,以期为川中丘陵坡耕地玉米合理施用氮肥提供科学依据。选取2005—2012年四川省丘陵区353组玉米“3414”测土配方施肥试验中不施氮(N_(0)P_(2)K_(2))和推荐施氮(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))两个处理的数据,将坡耕地坡度分为0°~2°、2°~5°、5°~8°、8°~15°和15°~25°共5种类型。通过分析不同坡度下玉米产量、氮肥偏生产力、土壤肥力等指标,明确不同坡度玉米的土壤养分供应特征、氮肥产量效应和推荐施用量。结果表明,N_(0)P_(2)K_(2)处理玉米产量随坡度增加逐渐降低,5种坡度下的平均产量为4260.7~4941.9 kg/hm^(2);施用氮肥后(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))玉米产量显著增加,坡度由低到高的氮肥偏生产力依次为35.3、30.3、33.1、31.5和28.7 kg/kg;在相同的目标产量下,氮肥推荐用量依次为217.4、230.3、228.09、227.7和233.4 kg/hm^(2)。坡耕地土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量随坡度增加而不断降低,而土壤氮对玉米产量的贡献率也不断下降。整体上土壤氮对玉米产量的贡献率为67.9%,而氮肥贡献率为32.1%。耕地坡度显著影响土壤养分供应、玉米产量和氮肥利用,坡耕地基础地力对产量的贡献率大于施用氮肥贡献率,因此生产中应根据不同坡度地力变化及施氮反应特征合理施用氮肥,通过培肥地力,降低氮肥用量,提高产量水平和氮肥效率。The present study was used to determine the effects of gradients on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency in slop cropland,which provided a scientific basis for the rational application of nitrogen(N)for maize in hilly and sloping farmland in central Sichuan.The 353 data were collected of no N application(N_(0)P_(2)K_(2))and recommended N application(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))in mazie“3414”fertilization experiments in central Sichuan basin during 2005—2012.The slopes of cropland were divided into 5 types:0°-2°,2°-5°,5°-8°,8°-15°and 15°-25°.By analyzing maize yield,partial factor productivity from applied N(PFPN),soil fertility under different slopes,the characteristics of soil nutrient supply,yield effects of nitrogen fertilizer and recommended application amount for maize on different slopes were clarified.The results showed that the yield of N_(0)P_(2)K_(2) treatment was decreased gradually with the increase of slope,and the average yield under the five slopes was 4260.7-4941.9 kg/hm^(2).After applying N fertilizer(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)),the yield of maize was increased significantly,and the PFPN from low slope to high slope was 35.3,30.3,33.1,31.5 and 28.7 kg/kg,respectively.Under the same target yield,the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 217.4,230.3,228.0,227.7 and 233.4 kg/hm^(2).The contents of soil organic matter,total N and alkali hydrolyzable N were decreased with the increase of slope,and the contribution rate of soil N to maize yield was also decreased.On the whole,the contribution rate of soil N to maize yield was 67.9%,while the contribution rate of N fertilizer was 32.1%.The slope of cultivated land significantly affected soil nutrient supply,maize yield and N fertilizer utilization.The contribution rate of basic soil fertility to yield was greater than that of N fertilizer application.Therefore,N fertilizer should be applied reasonably according to the change of soil fertility and the response characteristics of N fertilizer application in production.Through improving soil fertility

关 键 词：玉米产量 氮效率 坡耕地 土壤养分 氮肥 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]